Croton menyharthii Pax

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Croton

Characteristics

A monoecious much-branched shrub up to 5 m. tall.. Young twigs densely yellowish or silvery lepidote, the scales sometimes stellate-pubescent on their central bosses, falling after the first season or remaining the following season; older twigs pale greyish brown.. Petioles 2–5(–9) mm. long, cream-lepidote or yellowish stellate-lepidote; leaf-blade elliptic-ovate, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5–7(–11) cm. long, 1–3(–4.5) cm. wide, obtuse or emarginate, rounded or shallowly cordate, with minute stipitate basal glands usually not visible from above, entire, firmly membranous or subchartaceous, lateral nerves 7–11 pairs, slightly prominent beneath, uniformly thinly stellate-pubescent and yellowish green above, shiny silvery or cream-lepidote beneath, the scales either unadorned or with their central bosses stellate-pubescent.. Stipules lanceolate, 0.75 mm. long, somewhat obscured by the scales, caducous.. Axillary buds not perulate.. Racemes terminal, up to 5 cm. long, but more often 1–3 cm. long, ♂ for most of their length, but with 1–4 ♀ flowers at the base, axis yellow lepidote or stellate-lepidote; bracts deltate, 0.75 mm. long,lepidote, ciliate.. Male flowers: pedicels 2–5 mm. long, slender, yellow lepidote or stellate-lepidote; sepals 5, ovate, 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, subacute, yellow or yellow-brown lepidote or stellate-lepidote without, glabrous within, pale yellow-green; petals 5, linear-oblong or linear-oblanceolate, 2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, ciliate on the margin, pubescent within, glabrous without; disc minute or 0; stamens 12–15, filaments 2 mm. long, glabrous, anthers 0.5 mm. long; receptacle pilose.. Female flowers: pedicels 2–3 mm. long, extending to 4 mm. in fruit, stouter than in the ♂, yellow or yellow-brown lepidote or stellate-lepidote; calyx 5-lobed, the lobes resembling the ♂ sepals; petals 0; disc annular; ovary subglobose, 2 mm. diameter, densely yellow-brown, brown or black lepidote or stellate-lepidote; styles 3–4, spreading or incurved, 2.5 mm. long, lepidote at the base, otherwise glabrous, deeply bipartite, the lobes linear, entire or bifid at the apex.. Fruit 3-lobed, 6–7 mm. long, 7–9 mm. diameter, septicidal, yellow lepidote and black spotted owing to the darker coloration of the central bosses of some of the scales.. Seeds oblong-ovoid, 6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, brown or greyish, shiny, with a ± convex caruncle 2 mm. wide.
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Male flowers: pedicels 4–5 mm long; sepals 5, 2 × 1.5 mm, ovate, lepidote without, glabrous within, pale yellowish-green; petals 5, 2.5 × 0.75 mm, linear-oblanceolate to oblong, ciliate but otherwise glabrous, pale yellowish-cream; disk glands 5, truncate, fleshy, glabrous; stamens 15, filaments 2 mm long, glabrous except at the base, anthers 0.5 mm long with a broad connective, pale yellow; receptacle pilose.
Female flowers: pedicels 2–4 mm long, stouter than in the male, densely lepidote; sepals 5, c. 2 × 1 mm, triangular-ovate, otherwise as in the male; petals absent; disk 5-lobed, the lobes truncate, glabrous; ovary 1.5 mm in diameter, subglobose, densely yellowish-lepidote; styles 3, 2–3 mm long, erect or spreading, deeply 2-partite, the segments linear-filiform, glabrous, pale green or dull purple.
Leaf blades 1–9.2 × 0.5–4 cm, elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or emarginate at the apex, entire, rounded to shallowly cordate at the base, with a pair of minute stipitate basal glands beneath, thinly chartaceous, sparingly stellate-pubescent and dark green on upper surface, silvery or yellowish-lepidote beneath, bright orange on dying; lateral nerves in 7–12 pairs, slightly prominent beneath.
Shrub or small tree, up to 3 m high. Undersurface of leaves distinctly silvery, produced by dense scales, upper surface roughish to the touch, stellate-puberu-lous. Flowers yellow.
Seeds 4–5.5 × 3 × 2.5 mm, oblong-ovoid, smooth, shiny, grey, sometimes mottled blackish; caruncle 2–2.5 mm wide, somewhat convex, pale yellow.
Fruits 6–7 × 6–8 mm, subglobose-trigonous, septicidal, densely lepidote, pale silvery-green or cream-green, sometimes black-speckled.
Racemes 1–6 cm long, terminal on short lateral shoots, androgynous or all male; bracts c. 1 mm long.
A much-branched shrub or small tree up to 4 m tall, monoecious or sometimes dioecious.
Stipules 1 mm long, subulate, lepidote, soon falling.
Young twigs densely stellate-lepidote.
Bark smooth, brownish-grey.
Petioles 2–10 mm long.
Life form
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Deciduous bushland, dune bushland and thickets, from sea-level up to 1,300 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses material medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Croton menyharthii world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Croton menyharthii threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:342981-1
WFO ID wfo-0000931679
COL ID ZQKW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Croton kwebensis Argyrodendron bicolor Croton menyharthii