Croton steenkampianus Gerstner

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Croton

Characteristics

A dioecious or monoecious shrub up to 4.5 m. tall, though more commonly 1–3 m. tall.. Young twigs densely scurfily fulvous to ferruginous stellate-lepidote, the scales deeply laciniate and having their central bosses often provided with 1–more bristles.. Older twigs greyish brown.. Leaves often subopposite; petioles (1–)2–4(–5) cm. long, scurfily fulvous stellate-lepidote; leaf-blade broadly ovate to elliptic-ovate, (4–)6–13 cm. long, 3–8 cm. wide, acutely acuminate, rarely subacute, cordate, rounded or subcuneate, with 2–4 sessile or subsessile orange-brown unequal or subequal discoid basal glands either above or beneath the blade, subentire, with the margin minutely glandular-toothed, firmly membranous to subchartaceous, 5–9-nerved from the base, remaining lateral nerves 8–11 pairs, midrib and nerves prominent beneath, uniformly thinly stellate-pubescent and green above, densely greenish-silvery lepidote beneath, the scales laciniate.. Stipules filiform-subulate, 4 mm. long, sparingly scurfily stellate-lepidote.. Axillary buds not perulate.. Racemes terminal, 5–10 cm. long, the lower one-third to three quarters ♀, the upper quarter to two-thirds ♂, axis scurfily fulvous stellate-lepidote; bracts resembling the stipules.. Male flowers: pedicels 3–5 mm. long, slender, scurfily stellate-lepidote; sepals 5, triangular-ovate, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, subacute, yellowish-silvery lepidote without, the scales deeply laciniate, glabrous within; petals 5, elliptic-oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, pubescent within, glabrous without, ciliate on the margin; disc-glands free, rounded or ± truncate; stamens 17, filaments 3 mm. long, sparingly pubescent, anthers 1 mm. long; receptacle pilose.. Female flowers: pedicels 3–5 mm. long, often extending to 7 mm. in fruit, otherwise resembling those of the ♂ flowers; sepals 5, triangular-lanceolate, subequal, 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, slightly accrescent in fruit, subacute, yellowish-silvery lepidote without, pubescent within, ciliate on margin; petals 0; disc shallowly crenate; ovary subglobose, 2 mm. diameter, densely fulvous adpressed stellate-pubescent; styles 3, spreading, 4 mm. long, thinly adpressed stellate-pubescent beneath, glabrous above, twice bipartite, the ultimate lobes linear-filiform.. Fruit 3-lobed, 6 mm. long, 7 mm. diameter, septicidal, evenly adpressed stellate-pubescent.. Seeds broadly ovoid, 4.5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, dark brown to blackish, slightly shiny, with a scarcely prominent caruncle 1.5 mm. wide.
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Leaf blades 2–15 × 2–10 cm, ovate, acutely shortly acuminate at the apex, sometimes obtuse or emarginate through deformity, entire or subentire on the margin, rounded to shallowly cordate at the base with a pair of sessile discoid basal glands beneath, chartaceous, sparingly scurfily stellate-pubescent and green on the upper surface, silvery-lepidote beneath; 5–9-nerved from the base, lateral nerves in 5–8 pairs, ± impressed above, prominent beneath.
Female flowers: pedicels 3 mm long, stouter than in the male, densely lepidote; sepals 5, 3–4 × 1.5 mm, triangular-lanceolate, subacute, lepidote without, pubescent within, greenish; petals absent; disk shallowly 5-lobed, the lobes rounded; ovary 2 mm in diameter, subglobose, densely fulvous stellate-lepidote; styles 3, 2–3 mm long, erect or spreading, twice bipartite with linear-filiform segments, sparingly stellate-pubescent abaxially, purplish.
Male flowers: pedicels 3 mm long; sepals 5, 2 × 1 mm, triangular-ovate, yellowish-lepidote without, glabrous within; petals 5, 2 × 0.5 mm, oblong-oblanceolate, pubescent, ciliate, pale yellowish-cream in colour; disk glands 5, rounded or truncate; stamens 17–20, filaments 2–3 mm long, sparingly pubescent, anthers 1 mm long; receptacle pilose.
Shrub, up to 3 m high. Undersurface of leaves covered with silvery, stellate hairs and scales, upper surface with sparse stellate hairs. Margin of leaves entire. Flowers creamy green.
Seeds 3.5–4 × 2.5–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm, ovoid, smooth, somewhat shiny, dark brown; caruncle c. 1 mm wide, ± flattened.
Racemes 2–10 cm long, terminal, mostly female with a short apical male portion, or all female; bracts minute.
Fruits 5 × 6–7 mm, trilobate-subglobose, septicidal, evenly stellate-lepidote.
A shrub c. 2 m high, or tree to 7 m, dioecious or monoecious.
Young growth densely fulvous-lepidote.
Twigs greyish-brown, lenticellate.
Stipules 3–10 mm long, subulate.
Petioles 0.5–6 cm long.
Life form
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Coastal semi-evergreen woodland; Androstachys johnsonii woodland; wooded grassland with Entandrophragma, Combretum, Pteleopsis, Vitex, Croton gratissimus; at elevations from 150-350 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Croton steenkampianus world distribution map, present in Mozambique, Tanzania, United Republic of, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:343532-1
WFO ID wfo-0000932431
COL ID ZR6P
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Croton steenkampianus