Croton sylvaticus Hochst.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Croton

Characteristics

Perennial tree or shrub, 2-21 m high; deciduous, monoecious; twigs sparingly to densely stellate-pubescent or glabrescent. Leaves chartaceous, ovate, elliptic-ovate, apex acuminate, margins glandular crenate-serrate; stellate-pubescent on both surfaces or glabrescent; petioles bipulvinate. Racemes terminal; axes stellate-pubescent; bracts small. Male flowers sepals 5, elliptic-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sparingly stellate-pubescent, puberulous at apex; petals 5, elliptic-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate; disk glands free, triangular, acutely acuminate; stamens 14-17, glabrous; anthers 1 mm long; receptacle densely villous. Female flowers pedicels stout, densely stellate-tomentose; sepals linear-lanceolate; petals as in male; disk 5-lobed, glabrous; ovary ovoid-subglobose, densely stellate-tomentose; styles 3-5 mm long. Flowering time Oct.-Jan. Fruit trilobate-subglobose to ellipsoid, subindehiscent, sparingly to evenly stellate-pubescent. Seeds compressed-ovoid.
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Leaf blades 3–21 × 2–14 cm, ovate, elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, glandular crenate-serrate on the margins, sometimes shallowly and/or irregularly so and sometimes with small stipitate or sessile discoid glands in the sinuses also, usually cuneate or rounded and with a pair of subsessile or stipitate discoid glands at or near the base, chartaceous, stellate-pubescent on both surfaces when young, later glabrescent, dark green, smelling of walnuts when crushed; 3–5-nerved from the base, lateral nerves in 4–6(8) pairs, sometimes slightly impressed above when dried, prominent beneath.
Male flowers: pedicels 2–6 mm long; sepals 5, 2–3 × 1.5 mm, elliptic-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sparingly stellate-pubescent without, glabrous within, puberulous at apex, pale yellowish-green; petals 5, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm, elliptic-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, glabrous without, puberulous within, ciliate, greenish-cream in colour; disk glands free, triangular, acutely acuminate; stamens 14–17, filaments 4 mm long, glabrous, anthers c. 1 mm long; receptacle densely villous.
Female flowers: pedicels 1–2 mm long, not or slightly extending in fruit, stout, densely stellate-tomentose; sepals 5(7), 3 × 0.5–1 mm, linear-lanceolate, indumented as the male sepals, whitish; petals 0–5, shorter than the sepals, otherwise resembling the male petals; disk 5-lobed, glabrous; ovary 2 mm in diameter, ovoid-subglobose, densely stellate-tomentose; styles 3, 4–5 mm long, deeply 2-partite with the segments filiform.
Small to large tree, up to 13 m high. Leaves uniform green on both surfaces, margin dentate. Male and female flowers produced together in spikes up to 150 mm. Flowers cream or pale yellow.
Fruits 9–11 × 7–10 mm when dry, larger when fresh, trilobate-subglobose to ellipsoid, subindehiscent, sparingly to evenly stellate-pubescent, bright pinkish-orange or yellow.
Racemes 6–21 cm long, terminal, male, female or androgynous; axes sparingly to densely stellate-pubescent; bracts smaller than but otherwise resembling the stipules.
Twigs sparingly to densely stellate-pubescent at first, later glabrescent and becoming dark grey-brown.
A shrub or tree up to 40 m tall, sometimes deciduous, monoecious; crown spreading.
Bark smooth or slightly roughened, soft, fibrous, light grey or greyish-brown.
Seeds 6 × 4–5 mm, compressed-ovoid, whitish, aril white.
Stipules 0.5–1 cm long, linear, soon falling.
Bole up to 12 m high, and 75 cm d.b.h.
Petioles 1.5–7 cm long, bipulvinate.
A tree. It grows 3-20 m tall.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
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Mature height (meter) 12.5 - 20.0
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Environment

Semi-deciduous savannah woodland and secondary forest growth, often on rocky slopes, at elevations up to 1,700 metres in west Africa. Coastal and inland forests, in scrub, often along streams in S. Africa.
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It is a tropical plant.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food charcoal environmental use food fuel material medicinal timber wood
Edible -
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Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
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Images

Croton sylvaticus unspecified picture

Distribution

Croton sylvaticus world distribution map, present in Angola, Central African Republic, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Croton sylvaticus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:343591-1
WFO ID wfo-0000932507
COL ID ZR8S
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Oxydectes sylvatica Croton asperifolius Croton bukobensis Croton oxypetalus Croton stuhlmannii Croton sylvaticus Croton verdickii Oxydectes oxypetala Claoxylon sphaerocarpum Croton silvaticus