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Drier areas, especially on limestone, often in pure stands, from Himachel Pradesh to central Nepal at elevations of 1800-3300 metres.
| Life form | perennial |
| Growth form | tree |
| Growth support | free-standing |
| Foliage retention | evergreen |
| Sexuality | monoecy |
| Pollination | - |
| Spread | - |
| Mature width (meter) | - |
| Mature height (meter) | 37.5 - 40.0 |
| Root system | - |
| Rooting depth (meter) | 1.5 |
| Root diameter (meter) | - |
| Flower color | - |
| Blooming months | - |
| Fruit color | - |
| Fruiting months | - |
| Nitrogen fixer | - |
| Photosynthetic pathway | c3 |
| Light |
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| Soil humidity | 
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| Soil texture | 
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| Soil acidity | 
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| Soil nutriment | - |
| Hardiness (USDA) | 
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| Uses | timber wood |
| Edible | - |
| Therapeutic use | Antiviral agents (aerial part), Central nervous system depressants (aerial part), Diuretics (aerial part), Parasympatholytics (aerial part), Anti-bacterial agents (fruit), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Anti-infective agents (leaf), Insect repellents (leaf), Antiviral agents (whole plant excluding root), Central nervous system diseases (whole plant excluding root), Diuretics (whole plant excluding root) |
| Human toxicity | - |
| Animal toxicity | - |
| Mode | cuttings seedlings |
| Germination duration (days) | 30 - 90 |
| Germination temperacture (C°) | 18 - 23 |
| Germination luminosity | - |
| Germination treatment | stratification |
| Minimum temperature (C°) | -12 |
| Optimum temperature (C°) | 20 - 32 |
| Size | - |
| Vigor | - |
| Productivity | - |
| LSID | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:261991-1 |
| WFO ID | wfo-0001301527 |
| COL ID | - |
| BDTFX ID | - |
| INPN ID | - |
| Wikipedia (EN) | |
| Wikipedia (FR) |