Curtisia dentata (Burm.F.) C.A.Sm.

Species

Angiosperms > Cornales > Curtisiaceae > Curtisia

Characteristics

A shrub or small tree up to 8(13) m high. Twigs densely covered with a rusty tomentum when young, becoming dark purplish brown and finally greyish and more or less glabrous. Leaves opposite, up to 10 x 5.5 cm, simple, ovate (elliptic), coriaceous. Margins ± regularly serrate in the apical 1/2, the serrations becoming reduced in the basal 1/2 to subentire (very rarely the whole margin may be subentire); apex rounded to acute, occasionally with a small mucro; base rounded to cuneate, rarely slightly oblique. Upper surface of the lamina glossy, glabrous but with some hairs along the main vein and some laterals; lower surface densely rusty tomentose when young becoming ± glabrous (apart from the veins) with maturity. Venation penninerved, regular and conspicuous; petioles up to 2.5 cm long, tomentose when young, becoming less so with age. Inflorescence of terminal panicles, the branches with a dense yellowish-brown tomentum. Bracts obvious, linear-lanceolate, tomentose, subtending the opposite primary branches of the panicle. Flowers sessile to very shortly pedicellate; calyx pubescent, adnate to the ovary but with 4 broadly triangular free teeth; petals 4, 1-1.5 x 0.75 mm, ovate, glabrous within. Stamens 4, alternating with and slightly shorter than the petals. Ovary inferior, turbinate, disk slightly conical, pubescent; style short with stigma with 4 short lobes. Fruit drupaceous, 5-7 x 3-5 mm, subglobose to ovoid, crowned with the remains of the calyx and style, 4-locular with 1 seed in each loculus.
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Small tree or shrub, 2-20 m high, young growth densely greyish or brownish tomentose. Leaves opposite, leathery, simple, coarsely toothed, prominently veined on lower surface, shiny dark green above; stipules absent. Flowers bisexual, regular, arranged in panicles. Calyx: lobes 4, triangular-ovate, persistent; tube ± qaudrate, twice as long as lobes. Petals 4, free, valvate. Stamens 4, alternating with petals and ± as long; anthers 2-thecous, dehiscing laterally. Disc tumid (swollen), qaudrate, pubescent. Ovary inferior, 4-locular; 1 pendulous ovule in each locule; style 1, shorter than stamens; stigma 4-lobed. Flowering time Dec.-May. Fruit a small, ± globose drupe, crowned by calyx lobes, reticulately veined. Seeds 1 per locule.
Small tree or shrub, up to 20 m high; young growth densely greyish-or brownish-tomentose. Leaves opposite, simple, petiolate; blade oblong, elliptic to almost circular, 25-100 x 25-75 mm, base cuneate to truncate, margins coarsely toothed, rolled under, upper surface shiny, dark green, glabrous with veins prominent, lower surface light green with woolly hairs, veins covered with short, soft grey, rusty or brown hairs; petiole up to 15 mm long. Flowers: in branched terminal heads or panicles; calyx tubular, petals twice as long as calyx tube; Oct.-Mar. Fruit round, fleshy, ± 10 mm in diameter, crowned with remains of calyx, white changing to red.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 8-13 m high. The bark is dark grey and cracks in square patches. Young branches have dense rusty hairs. The leaves are opposite and broadly oval. They are 10 cm long. They are shiny green above and light green with woolly hairs underneath. They have teeth along the edge. They end in a sharp point at the tip. The flowers are in branched heads at the tips of the plant. The fruit are fleshy and 10 mm long by 3-5 mm wide. They turn red when ripe. They have a calyx crown on the top.
Margins ± regularly serrate in the apical 1/2, the serrations becoming reduced in the basal 1/2 to subentire (very rarely the whole margin may be subentire); apex rounded to acute, occasionally with a small mucro; base rounded to cuneate, rarely slightly oblique.
Small tree or shrub, up to 8(-13) m high. Leaves opposite, simple, ovate (elliptic), coriaceous. Margins ± regularly serrate in apical half. Young leaves densely rusty tomentose below. Flowers white, cream or pinkish.
Upper surface of the lamina glossy, glabrous but with some hairs along the main vein and some laterals; lower surface densely rusty tomentose when young becoming ± glabrous (apart from the veins) with maturity.
Flowers sessile to very shortly pedicellate; calyx pubescent, adnate to the ovary but with 4 broadly triangular free teeth; petals 4, 1–1·5 × 0·75 mm., ovate, glabrous within.
Shrub or small tree to 13 m, rusty velvety when young. Leaves opposite, ovate, toothed, glossy above. Flowers in terminal panicles, cream-coloured.
Fruit drupaceous, 5–7 × 3–5 mm., subglobose to ovoid, crowned with the remains of the calyx and style, 4-locular with 1 seed in each loculus.
Twigs densely covered with a rusty tomentum when young, becoming dark purplish brown and finally greyish and more or less glabrous.
Venation penninerved, regular and conspicuous; petioles up to 2·5 cm. long, tomentose when young, becoming less so with age.
Ovary inferior, turbinate, disk slightly conical, pubescent; style short with stigma with 4 short lobes.
Bracts obvious, linear-lanceolate, tomentose, subtending the opposite primary branches of the panicle.
Inflorescence of terminal panicles, the branches with a dense yellowish-brown tomentum.
Leaves opposite, up to 10 × 5·5 cm., simple, ovate (elliptic), coriaceous.
Stamens 4, alternating with and slightly shorter than the petals.
A shrub or small tree up to 8(13) m. high.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 8.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Montane forests and stream gullies. Usually found in climax forest from sea level to 1,800 metres, though it also grows on grassy mountain slopes and in coastal scrub forest where it is a small bushy tree.
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It is a tropical plant. In South Africa it grows up to 1,800 m altitude. It often grows in mountain forests and stream gullies.
Light -
Soil humidity 10-12
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The fruit are bitter but edible.
Uses environmental use material medicinal wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Curtisia dentata leaf picture by Jerome Sudre (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Curtisia dentata world distribution map, present in Mozambique, eSwatini, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Curtisia dentata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:271719-1
WFO ID wfo-0000933604
COL ID 6BR7D
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Junghansia faginea Sideroxylon dentatum Curtisia dentata Curtisia fagifolia Curtisia faginea Relhamia faginea