Cuscuta campestris Yunck.

Field dodder (en), Cuscute champêtre (fr), Cuscute des champs (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta

Characteristics

Stems medium, yellowish. Flowers 2-3 mm long, occasionally longer, often glandular, subsessile or on short pedicels in compact, globose clusters, greenish yellow. Calyx enclosing corolla tube or nearly so, broadly campanulate; lobes ovate to orbicular or broadly triangular, usually obtuse to rounded. Corolla with campanulate tube; lobes broadly triangular to ovate, spreading, with often inflexed tips, usually acute. Stamens shorter than corolla lobes; filaments longer than or equalling anthers. Scales ovate, elliptic or obovate, often exserted between corolla lobes, free at apex, usually abundantly fringed. Ovary globose; styles often subequal, slender, becoming thicker and conspicuous in fruit. Capsule depressed-globose, with a depression around style bases, 2.0-2.5 mm high, 3-4 mm wide, not circumscissile. Seeds ±1.5 mm long, usually flattened on one side; hilum terminal, oblong, transverse.
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Stems yellowish green to yellow or orange, 0.5-0.8 mm in diam., smooth. Inflorescences lateral, usually compact globular clusters, 4-18-flowered, subsessile. Pedicel ca. 1 mm. Calyx cupular, enclosing corolla tube, ca. 1.5 mm; sepals 5, oval or circular, sometimes wider than long. Corolla white, short campanulate, ca. 2.5 mm, 4-or 5-lobed; lobes broadly triangular, apex acute or obtuse, often reflexed. Stamens shorter to longer than corolla lobes; anthers ovate, shorter than filaments; scales distinct, ovate, ca. as long as corolla tube, fimbrillate. Ovary globose. Styles 2; stigma globose. Capsule depressed globose, ca. 3 mm in diam., ca. 2 mm high, with withered corolla at base, irregularly opening. Seeds 1-4, often 3 or 4, dull yellow, ovoid. 2n = 56.
Stems yellowish (drying pale brownish straw-colour), slender, mostly 0.1–0.3 mm. in diameter.. Flowers small, about 1.5 mm. long and broad, and only 2.5 mm. when the capsule is mature, greenish-yellow, in rather compact cymose clusters; pedicels mostly shorter than the flowers.. Calyx-lobes obtuse or somewhat acute.. Corolla-lobes triangular, acute, equalling the corolla-tube.. Stamens shorter than the lobes; filaments about 1 mm. long.. Scales large, adnate only at the base, much fringed apically and almost or quite reaching the anthers.. Styles about 1 mm. long, slender.. Capsule depressed-globose, not splitting at the base, drying pale brownish straw-colour; intrastylar opening small, ± 0.75 mm. long.. Seeds ± 1 mm. long.
Annual herb; stems filiform, commonly yellow or orange, often forming dense masses. Scale lvs minute. Infl. a bracteate, sessile, globose head or glomerule 5-10 mm diam. at anthesis. Fls whitish, shortly pedicellate, 5-merous. Calyx deeply lobed, c. 1.5 mm long, broad-campanulate; lobes suborbicular to broad-ovate, obtuse. Corolla c. 3 mm long; lobes c. = tube, triangular, acute or shortly acuminate, patent. Scales > corolla tube and reaching stamens, free, prominently fimbriate. Stamens < corolla lobes. Styles slightly < or = ovary; stigma subcapitate. Capsule 2-3 mm diam., depressed-globose. Seeds 2-4, c. 1.5 mm long, angular, very finely reticulate.
Parasitic, twining herb. Stems medium, yellow. Inflorescences subsessile, compact, globose clusters. Flowers 2-3 mm long, glandular, green-yellow. Calyx enclosing corolla tube, broadly campanulate; lobes ovate or triangular, ± rounded. Corolla: tube campanulate; lobes ovate or triangular, spreading, apex acute, often inf lexed. Stamens shorter than corolla lobes; filaments equalling anthers. Scales ± ovate, often exserted between corolla lobes, much fringed. Ovary globose; styles subequal, slender, thicker in fruit. Flowering time Oct.-May. Fruit a ± globose capsule, 3-4 mm wide, irregularly dehiscent. Seeds 1.5 mm long, flattened on one side.
Stems thin, filiform, yellowish. Flowers 2-2.5 mm long, in compact clusters. Calyx about as long as the corolla-tube; lobes orbicular, rounded, slightly overlapping at the base. Corolla-lobes about as long as the tube, broad-triangular, acute, spreading, with erect or inflexed tips. Stamens slightly shorter than the corolla-lobes; filaments as long as or longer than the anthers. Corolla-scales exserted, ovate, abundantly fimbriate. Styles about as long as the depressed-globose ovary. Capsule depressed-globose, 3 mm in diam., with interstylar opening, not circumscissile. Seeds ca 2, ovate, with one flattened side.
Twining parasite. Flowers: in dense spherical clusters; pedicels not papillose or verrucose; calyx as long as corolla tube; scales ovate, elliptic or obovate, often exserted between corolla lobes, usually abundantly fringed; styles 2, free to base; stigmas globose; corolla campanulate, lobes broadly triangular, acute, often with inflexed tips, greenish yellow; Oct.-May.
Twining parasite. Scales in corolla tube free, not bifid at apex. Corolla lobes broadly triangular, acute, often with inflexed tips. Styles 2; free to base; stigmas globose. Inflorescence a compact spherical cluster. Flowers greenish yellow.
Calyx about enclosing the corolla tube, broadly campanulate; lobes ovate to circular or broadly triangular, usually obtuse to rounded, mostly overlapping when young.
Capsule usually depressed-globose with a depression around the style bases, not splitting at the base, with the intrastylar opening small.
Flowers up to 2 mm. long and broad, greenish-yellow, often glandular; pedicels usually shorter than the flowers.
Corolla campanulate; lobes triangular, acute, equalling the corolla tube, spreading with often inflexed apices.
Scales large, adnate only at base, much-fringed apically and almost or quite reaching the anthers.
Stamens shorter than corolla lobes; filaments longer than, or about equalling, the anthers.
Ovary globose; styles slender, becoming thicker and conspicuous in fruit.
Seeds ovate, about 1 mm. long, flattened on one side.
Inflorescences very dense cymose globose clusters.
A parasite like the last (Cuscuta australis)
Stems slender, up to 0.3 mm. in diam.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support climber parasite
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Often on Medicago sativa, Trifolium, and Satureja hortensis, but also on a great number of other herbaceous plants; acc. to YUNCKER on Ambrosia, Ammi, Artemisia, Aster, Beta, Bidens, Callistephus, Capsicum, Cirsium, Dianthera, Ipo-moea, Pelargonium, Sonchus, Xanthium, etc. (see VAN OOSTSTROOM Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 52 1942 166 ). The specimens from Java on Cinchona, Cosmos, Crotalaria anagyroides H.B.K., C. usara-moensis BAKERf., and Gynura crepidioides BENTH.; 1000-1600 m
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Very common in some parts of tropical Africa and a serious pest on cultivated plants.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-11

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Styptic (unspecified), Wound (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cuscuta campestris habit picture by Bert Geerdes (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta campestris habit picture by Bert Geerdes (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta campestris habit picture by Abdulghaffar Alirezaie (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cuscuta campestris leaf picture by luisella (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta campestris leaf picture by Voni (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta campestris leaf picture by taylor jessicaaa (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cuscuta campestris flower picture by jonathan tamaillon (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta campestris flower picture by Radoslav Marinkovic (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta campestris flower picture by macchia1 (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cuscuta campestris fruit picture by Jacques Maréchal (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta campestris fruit picture by Etienne Coffinet (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta campestris fruit picture by Ugo Baer (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cuscuta campestris world distribution map, present in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, France, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Uruguay, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:72786-2
WFO ID wfo-0001297200
COL ID 32LNF
BDTFX ID 20311
INPN ID 93613
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Epithymum arvense Cuscuta arvensis Grammica campestris Cuscuta pentagona var. calycina Cuscuta arvensis var. calycina Cuscuta pentagona var. subulata Cuscuta campestris