Cuscuta epithymum L.

Common dodder (en), Petite cuscute (fr), Cuscute à petites fleurs (fr), Cuscute du thym (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta

Characteristics

Annual herb; stems very slender, glabrous, pink or reddish, often forming dense twining masses. Scale lvs minute. Infl. a bracteate, sessile head or glomerule, usually 4-8 mm diam. at anthesis. Fls pink to white, sessile, 5-merous. Calyx deeply lobed, 1.5-2 mm long, broad-campanulate; lobes broadly rhombic-ovate or triangular, acute. Corolla 3-4 × c. 2.5 mm; lobes ?-1/2 length of tube, triangular or nearly so, patent, acute or acuminate. Scales < corolla tube, connate over the ovary, strongly fimbriate. Stamens = or slightly < corolla lobes. Styles and stigmas = or > ovary; stigmas linear or filiform. Capsule c. 2 mm diam., depressed-globose. Seeds 2-3, c. 1 mm long, trigonous, alveolate, ± asymmetric at base.
More
Stems very slender, often reddish or purplish. Flowers ±3 mm long, in dense many-flowered clusters, often reddish. Calyx usually ± as long as corolla tube; lobes triangular, acute. Corolla: lobes triangular, acute, spreading, shorter than tube. Stamens shorter than corolla lobes; filaments longer than anthers. Scales ± spathulate; shorter than corolla tube, fringed mainly in upper part, free at apex. Ovary globose; stigmas filiform, slightly longer than styles, together almost twice as long as ovary. Capsule globose, circumscissile near base. Seeds usually 4, ovoid, ±1 mm long, rather rugose, angular, compressed, oblong, transverse, hilum short.
Parasitic, twining herb. Stems slender, reddish or purplish. Inflorescence dense, many-flowered clusters. Flowers 3 mm long, reddish. Calyx as long as corolla tube; lobes triangular. Corolla: lobes triangular, spreading, shorter than tube. Stamens shorter than corolla lobes; filaments longer than anthers. Scales spathulate; shorter than corolla tube, apex free, fringed. Ovary globose; stigmas filiform, longer than styles and ovary. Flowering time Jan.-May. Fruit a globose capsule, circumscissile near base. Seeds ovoid, 1 mm long, rugose.
Fls 5-merous, subsessile in dense, globose, head-like clusters; cal-lobes triangular-ovate, acute, generally a little shorter than the short-cylindric cor; cor-lobes triangular, 1–1.5 mm, shorter than the tube, acute, spreading; stigma slender, appearing as a continuation of its style, the two together longer than the ovary; fr globose, 1.5 mm, cupped by the withered cor, circumscissile near the base; seeds 4, scarcely 1 mm; 2n=14. Native of Europe, intr. throughout much of the U.S., parasitic chiefly on legumes.
Twining parasite. Styles 2, free to base; stigmas filiform, as long as or longer than style. Flowers herbaceous, ± 3 mm long, sessile, in dense, compact, globose clusters. Flowers reddish.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support climber parasite
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.75
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Parasitic on heather and gorse.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Liver diseases (seed), Splenic diseases (seed), Urologic diseases (seed), Apertif (unspecified), Bilious (unspecified), Cholagogue (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Hepatic (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cuscuta epithymum habit picture by F. Manzano (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta epithymum habit picture by Klaas Everards (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta epithymum habit picture by Francois Mansour (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cuscuta epithymum leaf picture by Michèle FAYOT (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta epithymum leaf picture by Gerard Bijvank (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta epithymum leaf picture by dominique jeanmaire (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cuscuta epithymum flower picture by F. Manzano (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta epithymum flower picture by F. Manzano (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta epithymum flower picture by brun lilian (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cuscuta epithymum fruit picture by Jorge (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta epithymum fruit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Cuscuta epithymum fruit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cuscuta epithymum world distribution map, present in France, New Zealand, Pakistan, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:267419-1
WFO ID wfo-0001296657
COL ID 32LQY
BDTFX ID 20319
INPN ID 93621
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Lepimenes epithymum Cuscuta europaea var. epithymum Cuscuta epithymum

Lower taxons

Cuscuta epithymum var. alba Cuscuta epithymum var. macranthera Cuscuta epithymum var. rubella Cuscuta epithymum var. scabrella Cuscuta epithymum var. kotschyi Cuscuta epithymum subsp. epithymum