Cynoglossum amplifolium Hochst. ex Dc.

Species

Angiosperms > Boraginales > Boraginaceae > Cynoglossum

Characteristics

Perennial herb or subshrub 0.3–1.8 m. tall, with thick tuberous root to 45 cm. long; stems annual, erect, at first densely velvety adpressed hairy but sometimes becoming almost glabrous.. Radical and lower stem-leaves elliptic-ovate to ovate, 10–27 cm. long, 3.5–17 cm. wide, acuminate at the apex, rounded, cuneate or subcordate at the base, short-to long-decurrent into the 9–42 cm. long petiole, sparsely hairy on both faces; stem-leaves sessile or decurrent and shortly petiolate, elliptic-lanceolate to ovate, 2–18 cm. long, 1.6–10 cm. wide, acuminate at the apex, rounded at the base, above ± subscabrid to less often distinctly scabrid with tubercle-based hairs surrounded by cystoliths, ± velvety hairy beneath, becoming almost glabrous or with sparse hairs on the raised and reticulate venation; petiole 0–2 cm. long.. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, the cymes very short, ± 1 cm. long at first, rapidly elongating to 6–12 cm. in fruit; pedicels 2–5(–10) mm. long, lengthening and reflexing in fruit to 1–2.5(–3.5) cm.; all axes adpressed pubescent to velvety, sometimes yellowish in dry state.. Sepals broadly elliptic to ovate, 1.5–2.5(–4) mm. long, 1.5–1.7(–3.5) mm. wide, ± acute, accrescent to 5 × 4.5 mm. in fruit, pubescent and ciliate outside, glabrous inside.. Corolla light to dark blue, sometimes reddish purple at first and persistently at throat; tube 1.3–2.6 mm. long; lobes broadly elliptic to round or oblate, 1.3–2.5(–4) mm. long, 1.8–3.2(–5) mm. wide; throat-bosses ± square, papillate; filaments 0.2–0.3 mm. long; anthers 0.7–1 mm. long.. Ovary ± 1 mm. long; style 0.5–1.2 mm. long; stigma terminal, globose, bilobed.. Fruit 0.8–1.5 cm. wide; nutlets cushion-shaped, depressed, 5–6 mm. wide, the external ± convex face uniformly covered all over with short stout conic glochidia or only around the margins and along a median line.
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Inferior leaves petiolate, the superior ones sessile; petiole up to 13(42) cm. long, with sheathing base; lamina of the inferior leaves 12–20 x 7–12 cm., becoming progressively smaller to the apex, ovate or less often elliptic, shortly and sparsely hispid on both surfaces, acute at apex and sometimes apiculate, obtuse to subcordate at base and suddenly decurrent on the petiole.
Corolla usually blue, often with reddish throat, sometimes the whole whitish; tube 1.4–1.6 mm. long, slightly infundibuliform; limb 4–6 mm. in diam.; lobes 1.4–2.4 x 1.0–2.6 mm., very widely ovate to depressed-ovate, obtuse, much veined.
Fruits 10–12 mm. in diam., on usually reflexed pedicels up to 17 mm. long; nutlets 5–6 mm. in diam., free from the style, with the outer surface convex and ± uniformly covered with 0.5–0.6 mm. long glochids.
Stamens inserted at 0.6–1.0 mm. from the base of the corolla tube; anthers 0.6–0.7 mm. long, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, subcordate at base; filaments 0.3–0.5 mm. long.
Calyx appressed-pubescent outside, glabrous inside; lobes 1.0–2.5 x 1.2–1.7 mm., elliptic to very widely ovate, subacute to rounded at apex.
A rhizomatous perennial herb 0.8–1.8(3.5) m. high, much branched, with shortly and retrorsely hispid often reddish annual stems.
Inflorescence of short racemes arranged in terminal bracteate panicles; bracts ovate to lanceolate, acute.
Ovary c. 1 mm. in diam.; style overlapping the ovary by 0.3–0.6 mm.; stigma globulose, terminal.
Flowers with pedicels 2–4 mm. long.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 1.8
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 5 - 10
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cynoglossum amplifolium habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cynoglossum amplifolium leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Cynoglossum amplifolium leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cynoglossum amplifolium flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Cynoglossum amplifolium flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cynoglossum amplifolium fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Cynoglossum amplifolium fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cynoglossum amplifolium world distribution map, present in Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:115034-1
WFO ID wfo-0000633903
COL ID 339T9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cynoglossum amplifolium f. macrocarpum Cynoglossum longepetiolatum Cynoglossum bequaertii Cynoglossum amplifolium

Lower taxons

Cynoglossum amplifolium var. subalpinum