Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link

Broom (en), Genêt à balais (fr), Juniesse (fr), Cytise à balais (fr), Sarothamne à balais (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Cytisus

Characteristics

Much-branched deciduous shrub up to 2-(2.5) m high; twigs glabrous, but sericeous when young, green, ± 5-angled. Lvs variable, usually ± glabrous above and sericeous below, and 3-foliolate and petiolate when mature or on older twigs; lvs of younger twigs often 1-2-foliolate and subsessile; young lvs often sericeous above and below but sometimes glabrous; leaflets apetiolulate, elliptic to obovate, usually acute, sometimes emarginate, 4-16-(20) mm long; terminal leaflet > lateral leaflets. Fls usually solitary, rarely paired, axillary; pedicels (3)-5-13 mm long. Calyx glabrous, bilabiate, c. 1/4 length of corolla; upper and lower lips ± entire or shallowly toothed. Corolla usually golden yellow, rarely partly red or tinged mauve, 16-25 mm long. Pod black, oblong, many-seeded, 15-60 mm long, with hairy margins; seeds brown or greenish brown, ellipsoid, compressed, c. 3 mm long.
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Bushy shrub to 2 m, with stiff, slender, green, 5-angled branches; lvs small, mostly 3-foliolate, or the upper 1-foliolate, the petiole 2–8 mm, the lfls obovate, 5–10 mm; fls 20–25 mm, solitary or paired in the upper axils, forming long terminal racemes; pods 3–5 cm, villous along the sutures; 2n=46. Native of Europe, well established in dry sandy soil as an escape from cult., from N.S. to Va., and on the Pacific coast. May, June.
A shrub. It grows 3 m high and spreads 2 m wide. The stem is slender and erect. The branches arch over. The leaves have 3 leaflets. The flowers are yellow and pea shaped. They can be single or in pairs.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread autochory
Mature width (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 2.05
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.4
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Sandy pastures and heaths, occasionally in open woodland, growing in a wide range of disturbed and undisturbed habitats, often along river systems and often near the coast. The plant is strongly calcifuge.
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A temperate plant. It is best in a light to medium slightly acidic soil. It needs an open sunny position. It is resistant to drought and frost.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

The buds can be pickled. They are used as a substitute for capers. The flowers have also been used to give a slight bitter taste to beer in place of hops.
Uses coffee substitute dye environmental use essential oil fiber food forage material medicinal poison wood
Edible flowers seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Diuretics (aerial part), Hypotension (aerial part), Parasympatholytics (aerial part), Cardiotonic agents (root), Dizziness (root), Platelet aggregation (seed), Cardiotonic agents (stem), Cathartics (stem), Diuretics (stem), Edema (stem), Emetics (stem), Abortifacient (unspecified), Arrhythmia (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Palpitation (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Smallpox (unspecified), Tachycardia (unspecified), Tea (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Vasoconstrictor (unspecified), Spice (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Anti-infective agents (unspecified), Cardiotonic agents (unspecified), Cathartics (unspecified), Central nervous system diseases (whole plant excluding root), Diuretics (whole plant excluding root), Hypertension (whole plant excluding root)
Human toxicity toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 25 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 22
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cytisus scoparius habit picture by Jack Hausmanne (cc-by-sa)
Cytisus scoparius habit picture by Francois Mansour (cc-by-sa)
Cytisus scoparius habit picture by Jose (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cytisus scoparius leaf picture by Daniel García Escrivá (cc-by-sa)
Cytisus scoparius leaf picture by Medinka (cc-by-sa)
Cytisus scoparius leaf picture by dick v leeuwen (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cytisus scoparius flower picture by Jack Hausmanne (cc-by-sa)
Cytisus scoparius flower picture by José (cc-by-sa)
Cytisus scoparius flower picture by Pascal Van Geit (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cytisus scoparius fruit picture by Jaap Keizer (cc-by-sa)
Cytisus scoparius fruit picture by López Margarita (cc-by-sa)
Cytisus scoparius fruit picture by Dieter Cuypers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cytisus scoparius world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:489963-1
WFO ID wfo-0000213711
COL ID 33S3C
BDTFX ID 21055
INPN ID 94164
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cytisus scoparius Sarothamnus scoparius Sarothamnus vulgaris Sarothamnus bourgaei Sarothamnus oxyphyllus Sarothamnus ericetorum Sarothamnus obtusatus Sarothamnus ochroleucus Spartium scoparium Spartium angulosum Cytisus glabratus Spartium bourgaei Genista glabra Cytisogenista scoparia Genista vulgaris Genista scoparia Genista vulgaris Sarothamnus eliasii Spartium glabrum Genista andreana Sarothamnus scoparius subsp. scoparius Genista scoparia var. bicolor Cytisus scoparius subsp. bourgaei

Lower taxons

Cytisus scoparius subsp. scoparius Cytisus scoparius subsp. maritimus Cytisus scoparius subsp. insularis Cytisus scoparius subsp. reverchonii Cytisus scoparius var. pallidus