Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalziel

African copaiba balsam tree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Daniellia

Characteristics

Deciduous tree 9–25(–45) m. high; bark pale grey, scaly, with crimson slash; crown obconical, flat-topped.. Leaves: rhachis with petiole 17–50 cm. long; leaflets 4–10 pairs, ovate-elliptic to ovate-oblong, 3.5–18 cm. long, 2.5–9.5 cm. wide, asymmetric at base, ± acuminate at apex, pellucid-dotted all over, glabrous, or pubescent and becoming glabrous; petiolules 0.5–1.5 cm. long.. Panicles 6–25 × 5–37 cm.. Flowers white, fragrant.. Sepals elliptic, 1.2–1.7 cm. long, 0.8–1.1(–1.5 when spread out) cm. wide.. Petals: 1 oblong-elliptic, 0.8–1.2 cm. long, 0.3–0.45 cm. wide; 4 very small and inconspicuous.. Stamen-filaments exserted, 3–3.5 cm. long, free, glabrous.. Pods 6–9.5 cm. long, 3–4.5 cm. wide.. Seeds obovoid or ellipsoid, 2–2.6 cm. long, 1.3–1.9 cm. wide.. Fig. 24, p. 131.
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A tree. It grows 30-45 m high. The trunk is straight or slightly tapered. It does not have buttresses but the roots are fluted at the base. The crown is flat. The leaves have 4-11 pairs of leaflets along the stalk and one at the end. The fruit are flat one-sealed pods.
Smooth pale flat 1-seeded fruits of horny consistence, tardily dehiscent.
Copious rather flat panicles of white, scented flowers
A large savannah tree, to 100 ft. high
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Wooded grassland with Butyrospermum paradoxum; gregarious in deciduous forests; wooded savannah to open forest on sandy-clayey humid soil; sandy soils on laterite; granitic rocks; on alluvial terrace of large marigot.
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A tropical plant. It grows in clay soils. It is in woodland and wooded grassland. It is resistant to fire. It can grow in arid places. In Nigeria it has been recorded at 200 and 900 m above sea level.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The young leaves are used as a famine food. They are flavoured with salt or pepper or put in soups. The bark is used as a fermenting agent in beer. The bark is also used to make a tea drink. The fruit can be eaten. The seeds are eaten. The resin has a strong smell and is sweet and eaten like honey.
Uses animal food bee plant charcoal environmental use famine fodder food food additive fuel gene source gum invertebrate food material medicinal perfumery poison species tea wood
Edible barks fruits gums leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Gonorrhea (unspecified), Skin (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be cut back and will re-grow.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Daniellia oliveri leaf picture by Sylvain Piry (cc-by-sa)
Daniellia oliveri leaf picture by Sylvain Piry (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Daniellia oliveri world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Chad, Togo, and Uganda

Conservation status

Daniellia oliveri threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:490996-1
WFO ID wfo-0000166281
COL ID 343WR
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Paradaniellia oliveri Daniellia oliveri