Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) Dc.

Dixie ticktrefoil (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Desmodium

Characteristics

Woody herb or shrub to 3 feet tall, branching from the base; stems terete, striate, uncinulate pubescent and somewhat pilose. Leaves trifoliolate, stipulate, petiolate; stipules obliquely ovate attenuate, long persistent, often reflexed, striate, ciliate, puberulent on the abaxial surface, becoming glabrous, 3-12.5 mm long, 1-7 mm wide; petioles sulcate, ridged, pubescent as the stem, 0.75-5 cm long; leaf rachis similar, 0.45-2 cm long; stipels lance attenuate, striate, ciliate, puberulent, 1-7 mm long; petiolules stouter than leaf rachis, densely stiff pilose, 1-2.5 mm long; leaflets elliptic to ovate, mostly obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, with prominently reticulate venation, sparsely to moderately uncinulate puberulent and pilose on both the surfaces, ciliate, the terminal leaflet 2.4-8 cm long, 1-2.7 cm wide, the lateral leaflets 2-5 cm long, 1-2.4 cm wide. Inflores-cences axillary and terminal, racemose to racemose paniculate; rachis striate, uncinulate puberulent, moderately to densely and finely glandular pilose, becom-ing less densely so in age; primary bracts, each subtending 2 to more pedicels, narrowly ovate attenuate, striate, ciliate, minutely puberulent on abaxial surface, 5-6.5 mm long, 0.5-1.5 mm wide; secondary bracts, each subtending 1 pedicel, similar, smaller, ca. 2 mm long and 0.4-0.5 mm wide; pedicels with pubescence similar to that of rachis, stiff and ascending to spreading at maturity, 1-1.6 cm long. Flowers with the calyx minutely puberulent and abundantly pilose through-out, the teeth of both lobes ciliate, the central tooth of the lower lobe long atten-uate, 3-4 mm long, the lateral teeth 2-3 mm long, the upper bifid lobe 2-3 mm long; standard obovate, slightly retuse at the apex, gradually narrowed to the base, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the wings obtusely oblong, auriculate and short unguiculate, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, the keel petals obliquely oblong, broader above, unguiculate about ?3 their length, 3-4 mm long, 1 mm wide. Loment 5-7-articulate, stipitate, the isthmi central; stipe 0.5-1 mm long; articles mostly orbicular, sometimes with the margins alternately revolute and appearing rhomboidal, uncinulate pubescent throughout, 3-3.5 mm long, 2.6-3.5 mm wide; seed reniform, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide.
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Herbaceous from a woody base, or frutescent, up to ± 1 m. tall, branching from the base; stem terete, striate, uncinulate-pubescent and somewhat pilose.. Leaves 3-foliolate (or rarely some 1-foliolate); stipules obliquely ovate-attenuate, 3–12.5 mm. long, 1–7 mm. wide, striate, ciliate, puberulent on outer surface, becoming glabrous, long-persistent, often reflexed; petioles pubescent as stem, 0.5–5 cm. long; rhachis similar, 0.3–2 cm. long; leaflets elliptic to ovate, mostly obtuse at apex, cuneate at base, with prominently reticulate venation, sparsely to moderately uncinulate-puberulent and pilose on both surfaces, ciliate, the terminal 2–8 cm. long, 1–3 cm. wide, the lateral similar but slightly oblique, 1–5 cm. long, 0.5–2.8 cm. wide.. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, racemose to racemose-paniculate; rhachis striate, uncinulate-puberulent, moderately to densely and finely glandular pilose, becoming less densely so in age; primary bracts, each subtending 2 or more pedicels, narrowly ovate-attenuate, 3–6.5 mm. long, 0.5–1.5 mm. wide, striate, minutely puberulent on abaxial surface; secondary bracts, each subtending 1 pedicel, similar, smaller, ± 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide; pedicels with pubescence similar to that of rhachis, rather stiff and ascending to spreading at maturity, 0.5–1.7 cm. long.. Flowers red to mauve or green with red or mauve margins, or white or yellow.. Calyx minutely puberulent and rather abundantly pilose throughout, teeth of both lobes somewhat ciliate; central tooth of lower lobe long attenuate, 3–4 mm. long, lateral teeth 2–3 mm. long, upper bifid lobe 2–3 mm. long.. Standard obovate, slightly retuse at apex, gradually narrowed to base, 2.5–3.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; wings obtusely oblong, auricled and shortly clawed, 2.5–3.5 mm. long, 1–1.5 mm. wide; keel-petals obliquely oblong, broader above, clawed for ± one-third their length, 3–4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide.. Fruit 5–7-articled, isthmi between the articles central; stipe 0.5–1 mm. long; articles mostly orbicular in outline, sometimes with margins alternately revolute and so appearing rhomboidal, 3–5 mm. long, 2.5–4 mm. wide, uncinulate-pubescent throughout.. Seed ± reniform, 1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide.
Herbs, perennial, erect, 50-200 cm tall. Stems with hooked hairs, sometimes intermixed with long hairs. Leaves 3-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate; petiole 1-8 cm, hairy as stems; terminal leaf­let blade elliptic or ovate, 3-8(-14) × 1.5-3(-6) cm, both sur­faces sparsely hairy, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Racemes or sometimes panicles, terminal or axillary; rachis with dense mi­nute hooked and glandular hairs, 2-flowered at each node. Pedi­cel filiform, to 1.7 cm at fruiting, hairy as rachis. Calyx 3-4 mm, 5-parted; lobes longer than tube. Corolla red, white, or yel­low; standard obovate, 2.5-3.5 × ca. 2 mm, base attenuate, apex emarginate; wings oblong, base auriculate, shortly clawed; keel obliquely oblong, clawed. Legume narrowly oblong, 1.5-2 cm, both sutures constricted between articles, moniliform, densely gray-yellow hooked hairy, (3-)5-7-jointed. Fl. and fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 22.
Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets 1.2–9.5 × 0.6–5.5 cm, elliptic, rhombic or elliptic-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, rounded and usually mucronulate at the apex, cuneate to rounded at the base, puberulous on both surfaces and with some longer pubescence on the nerves beneath; petiole 0.7–7 cm long; rhachis 4–22 mm long; petiolules 1.5–3 mm long; stipules 6–13 × 1.5–4 mm, obliquely ovate, broad at the base and with attenuate tips, puberulous and ciliate, persistent.
Inflorescences terminal and axillary, 11–30 cm long; peduncle 5–10 cm long; pedicels 8.5–17 mm long, puberulous and with longer hairs; primary bracts each subtending 1–4 pedicels, 3–6 × 0.8–1 mm, lanceolate, puberulous, soon deciduous; secondary bracts also present.
Fruits 10–32 mm long, of (1)3–7 articles; each article 3–6.5 × 3–4 mm, elliptic or almost round, uncinulate-pubescent and minutely glandular, reticulate, strongly constricted between articles, the necks being centrally placed, c. 0.8 mm wide; stipe 2.5 mm long.
Calyx pubescent and puberulous and with some tubercular-based glandular hairs; tube 1–1.5 mm long; lobes 1.5–2 mm long, narrowly triangular, the upper pair joined to form a slightly 2-fid triangular lip.
Seeds chestnut-brown or greenish or yellow-brown, 3 × 2 × 1 mm, compressed-ellipsoid, slightly wider at one end; hilum minute, central.
Stems often several from the base, branched or unbranched, puberulous and with tubercular-based glandular hairs.
Standard pink, blue-mauve or blue-green, 5–6 × 3–3.5 mm, narrowly obovate.
Erect perennial herb or undershrub 0.4–1.5 m tall.
Erect herb or undershrub
Very thin flaccid leaves
Introduced in our area.
Pubescent branches
Twisted fruits
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.2
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Moist or dry thickets, often in rocky places, frequently along rocky or sandy stream beds; at elevations up to 1,200 metres. Naturalized in disturbed areas, cultivated fields and grassland, on sandy or calcareous soils in coastal areas.
Light 7-8
Soil humidity 2-2
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food cover crop environmental use experimental purposes fodder forage manure medicinal pasture
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 23 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Desmodium tortuosum habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Desmodium tortuosum habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Desmodium tortuosum leaf picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Desmodium tortuosum leaf picture by Justo Fernanda (cc-by-sa)
Desmodium tortuosum leaf picture by ZOSMO SIMIAO (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Desmodium tortuosum flower picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Desmodium tortuosum flower picture by karmadgma (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Desmodium tortuosum fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Desmodium tortuosum fruit picture by Fias Kat (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Desmodium tortuosum world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Burundi, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, Guernsey, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Mali, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Réunion, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Suriname, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1028008-2
WFO ID wfo-0000177471
COL ID 353K5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 448428
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Hedysarum purpureum Hedysarum tortuosum Meibomia purpurea Meibomia tortuosa Desmodium stipulaceum Desmodium pulcherrimum Meibomia physocarpa Meibomia stipulacea Hedysarum stipulaceum Desmodium purpureum Desmodium tortuosum var. hirtellum Desmodium physocarpos Desmodium tortuosum