Dicliptera cernua (Nees) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Acanthaceae > Dicliptera

Characteristics

Erect, straggling or trailing perennial herb or subshrub, 80-200 cm tall; stems 6-angular, ± pale-ridged, glabrous, nodal line pale-hispid. Leaves sometimes absent at flowering, ovate, 1.5-4.5 x 0.5-2 cm, base obtuse or rounded, apex acute or attenuate, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous except for few conspicuous pale hispid hairs on margin towards base and sometimes on midrib beneath; lateral veins 4-5 pairs; petiole 2.5-6 mm long. Inflorescence axillary, 1-2 umbels of 2-4 cymules per axil, umbels sometimes partially compounded, together sometimes forming rather slender terminal pseudopanicles on largely leafless branches; umbel peduncles 4-17 mm long, rather densely puberulous with mixed eglandular and capitate-glandular hairs; main axis bracts often caducous, linear-lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 x 0.5 mm; cymules pedunculate, longest peduncle in each umbel 7-14 mm long, lateral peduncles often abruptly bent at apex; cymule bracts green, pairs unequal, ratio 1.1-1.65:1, larger bract subulate, 5-11 x 0.9-1.3 mm, apex shortly attenuate, outer surface puberulous with mixed eglandular and capitate-glandular hairs, only midrib prominent, margin narrowly pale-hyaline; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, 4.5-7 mm long. Calyx pale green-brown, lobes 2.7-3.3 mm long, ciliate, surface glandular-puberulent or sparsely so. Corolla 19-22.5 mm long, pale pink or white tinged purple, eglandular-pubescent and with few short glandular hairs externally; tube 7-9.5 mm long; lip held in upper position narrowly oblong, 9.5-13.5 x 3.3-3.8 mm, palate sparsely puberulous at mouth; lip held in lower position oblong-elliptic to narrowly ovate-elliptic, 11-13.5 x 5.5-6.5 mm. Stamens markedly unequal, the longer with filament 10.5-12.5 mm long, largely glabrous; anther thecae 0.9-1.1 mm long, superposed but touching. Style glabrous. Capsule 10-15 mm long, puberulous on fertile portion with mixed eglandular and glandular hairs, rather sparse at maturity; placental base inelastic. Seeds 1.7-2.2 mm in diameter, tuberculate, tubercles minutely hooked.
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Evergreen suffruticose perennial up to lm high. Leaves ovate, acuminate, reniform to cuneate and attenuate at base, (11-)18-37(-50) x (5-)8-16(-23) mm, with multicellular eglandular and short-stalked glandular trichomes; petiole (1.0-)1.2-5.5(-14.6) mm long. Inflorescence of monochasial cymes (inflorescence units), (1)2 or 3(4) umbellately arranged, often compounded; inflorescence axis (1.6-)3.3-10.8(-16.0) mm long; longest peduncle of scorpioid cymes (1.7-)4.5-11.6(-22.7). Bracts: secondary bracts lanceolate, (2.2-)2.6-4.5(-6.2) x (0.2-)0.3-0.5(-0.6) mm, pubescent; tertiary bracts lanceolate, unequal, larger one (4.7)6.7-12.0(-16.0) x 1.0-1.3(-1.6) mm, with multicellular eglandular and large and small short-stalked glandular trichomes. Calyx: tube 1 mm deep; lobes 3.5 mm long, margins membranous and ciliate, with large and small glandular trichomes. Corolla: tube (5.5-)8.0-9.8(-12.0) mm deep, sericeous, with medium-headed glandular trichomes; lip in lower position ovate, (7.2-)9.8-16.5(-22.3) x (2.4-)2.9-5.6 (-8.6) mm; lip in upper position narrowly elliptic, (8.0-)10.0-16.2(-21.3) x (1.6-)2.2-3.4(-4.0) mm; purple with dark purple honey-guides below filaments on lip in lower position, and on white background on lip in upper position. Stamens: filaments with short and long, straight and curved, multicellular, eglandular trichomes, white; anther thecae superposed, separated, purple. Disc cupular with crenate top and 2 short stubby awns. Gynoecium: stigma bilobed; style exserted, sparsely strigose; ovary ovoid, with curved multicellular eglandular trichomes and stalked glandular trichomes. Fruit a short-stalked clavate capsule, with glandular and eglandular trichomes, (9.4-)10.4-13.1(-14.0) x (1.5-)1.8-2.3(-3.0) mm. Seeds (2.0-)2.2-2.7(-2.9) x (1.5-) 1.8-2.2(-2.3) mm, rough and tuberculate. Flowering time: plants have been collected in flower throughout the year, but there is a very marked peak in collections in July and August.
Perennial suffrutex, 0.3-1.8 m high. Leaves ovate, acuminate. Inflorescence monochasial cymes. Bracts lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla purple with dark purple honey-guides on lip in upper position; lower lip ovate; upper lip narrowly elliptic. Disc cupular, 2 short stubby awns. Flowering time Feb.-Nov. Fruit stalked, clavate. Seeds rough and tuberculate.
Sprawling, shortly hairy shrublet to 50 cm. Leaves opposite, ovate. Flowers in axillary cymes, magenta; floral bracts small and sepal-like. Capsules not dehiscing elastically.
A low herb.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.55 - 1.9
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a Mediterranean climate plant.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Dicliptera cernua world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77132024-1
WFO ID wfo-0001336967
COL ID 4F547
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Peristrophe krebsii Peristrophe natalensis Peristrophe cernua Peristrophe caulopsila Justicia acinoides Dicliptera cernua