Dicliptera decorticans (K.Balkwill) I.Darbysh.

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Acanthaceae > Dicliptera

Characteristics

Evergreen suffruticose perennial up to 1 m high, with woody rootstock. Bark on old stems white; peeling. Young stems with stiff eglandular hairs on ridges. Leaves ovate, narrowly ovate or elliptic, acute, acuminate or occasionally minutely apiculate, attenuate, (11-)19-37(-59) x (2.5-)5-9(-14) mm, herbaceous, slightly scabrid, with multicellular eglandular hairs and cystoliths above, with cystoliths and sometimes with soft, multicellular eglandular hairs below; petiole (1-)1.4-3.4 (-6.5) mm. Inflorescence of 2-3 umbellately arranged monochasial cymes (inflorescence units), sometimes compounded; inflorescence axis (1-)2-15(-49) mm long; longest peduncle of inflorescence units (1-)5-15 (-38) mm long. Bracts: primary bracts leaf-like; secondary bracts narrowly ovate (2-)3.7-5.5(-9) x (0.3-)0.4-0.7(-1.2) mm; with eglandular trichomes; tertiary bracts narrowly ovate, acuminate, unequal, larger (7.5-)9.3-12.9(-17) x (0.6-)0.9-1.3(-1.5) mm, strigose on margins, veins and surface. Calyx tube c.1 mm long; lobes narrowly ovate, c. 5.5 mm long, outer surface glabrous, inner surface with closely appressed glandular and eglandular trichomes, margins membranous and ciliate with glandular (more common at base of lobes) and eglandular trichomes. Corolla bilabiate, resupinate; tube (5-)7.2-8.4(-11) mm, with straight and curved eglandular trichomes; lip in lower position widely ovate, (6.5-)7.5-9.2(-10.2) x (2.8-)3.3-5.1(-5.8) mm; lip in upper position narrowly elliptic, (7-)7.7-9.7(-10.2) x (1.7-)1.9-2.6(-3.8) mm; flowers light purple, with purple honey-guides on white background on lip in upper position. Stamens: filaments with some curved eglandular trichomes near the base, and some short-stalked glandular trichomes, white; anther thecae superposed, touching, red-purple. Disc cupular, upper edge entire with two short stubby erose awns. Gynoecium: stigma shortly bilobed; style exserted, glabrous or very sparsely pilose; ovary narrowly ellipsoid, glabrous, occasionally sparsely hairy. Fruit a short-stalked clavate capsule, usually glabrous, occasionally hairy, (8-)8.5-10.5(-11.5) x (1.1-)1.9-2,4(-3) mm, placentae inelastic. Seeds lenticular, (1.5-)1.7-2.4 x (1.4-)1.5-2.1 mm, rough and tuberculate.
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Suffruticose perennial, ± much-branched from a woody rootstock, branches often scrambling or sprawling, 20-100 cm tall; herbaceous stems 6-angular, prominently ridged, at first pale-hispid on ridges, later glabrescent but with swollen hair bases persisting, rarely glabrous throughout except for hispid nodal line; woody stems with pale grey flaking bark. Leaves sometimes immature at flowering, ovate or lanceolate, 2-6 x 0.5-2.3 cm, base obtuse to shortly attenuate, apex acute or subattenuate, mucronulate, surfaces pale (hispid-) pilose or hairs restricted to margin and main veins beneath; lateral veins (3)4-5 pairs; petiole 1-7 mm long. Inflorescence axillary, 1(2) umbels of (1)2-3(4) cymules per axil, umbels often partially compounded, together sometimes forming loose slender terminal pseudopanicles on largely leafless branches; umbel peduncle (1)3-17(27) mm long, indumentum as stems; main axis bracts usually linear-lanceolate, 2-7 x 0.5-1 mm, more rarely leafy and elliptic-lanceolate, up to 16 x 5.5 mm; longest cymule peduncle in each umbel (2.5)4-23 mm long, lateral peduncles sometimes abruptly bent at apex; cymule bracts green, tardily turning (pinkish-)brown, pairs unequal, ratio (1.1)1.25-1.5(1.7):1, larger bract linear-lanceolate to subulate, 7-15.5 x 1-1.7 mm, apex shortly attenuate, external surface rather stiffly antrorse-pubescent, hairs sometimes restricted to prominent midrib, margin narrowly pale-hyaline; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, 5.5-10 mm long, external surface as bracts or sometimes also sparsely puberulent. Calyx lobes 3.3-5.5 mm long, margin hyaline, ciliate, external surface glabrous. Corolla 15.5-20 mm long, pale pink, mauve, purple or white, with purple guidelines, eglandular-pubescent externally; tube 6.5-9 mm long; lip held in upper position narrowly oblong, 9-11.5 x 3-3.5 mm, palate puberulous towards mouth; lip held in lower position broadly ovate-elliptic, 8-11 x 5.5-8 mm. Staminal filaments 6-7 mm long, shortly pubescent above; anther thecae 0.75-1 mm long, superposed but touching. Style glabrous. Capsule 8.5-11 mm long, glabrous; placental base inelastic. Seeds 1.5-2 mm in diameter, tuberculate, tubercles minutely hooked when immature.
P. decorticans differs from P. paniculata, with which it has often been confused, by its perennial (not annual) habit, woody (not herbaceous) stem bases, white, peeling (not black) bark, strigose (not glandular-pubescent or glabrous) tertiary bracts, larger [14.7-19.0 (not 6.6-13.7) mm long] flowers and usually glabrous (not pubescent) capsule. P. decorticans differs from P. cernua by its white peeling (not green or white, non-peeling) bark, strigose (not densely glandular) tertiary bracts and presence of honey-guides on the lip in the lower position. Flowering time: plants have been collected in flower throughout the year, with peaks in December, January, May, July and November. In cultivation, plants flower sporadically in all seasons, although they produce more flowers in autumn and early winter.
Perennial herb or shrub, up to 1 m high. Bark on older stems white, peeling; young stems with stiff eglandular hairs on ridges, glabrous between ridges. Leaves ovate, narrowly ovate or elliptic, scabrid and with eglandular hairs. Tertiary bracts (7.5-)9.3-12.9 (-17.0) x (0.6-)0.9-1,3(-1,5) mm, longer than calyx lobes, strigose. Flowers light purple, with purple honey guides.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Dicliptera decorticans world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77079552-1
WFO ID wfo-0000506988
COL ID 35Q3M
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Dicliptera decorticans Peristrophe decorticans