Digera muricata Mart.

False amaranth (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Amaranthaceae > Digera

Characteristics

Annual herb, (12–)15–50(–70) cm., simple or with ascending branches from near the base; stem and branches glabrous or very sparingly pilose, with pale ridges.. Leaf-blade narrowly linear to broadly ovate or rarely subrotund, (1.2–)2–6(–9) × (0.2–)0.6–3(–5) cm., glabrous or the petiole and principal veins of the lower surface of the leaf spreading hairy, acute or acuminate at the apex, gradually or (in broader-leaved forms) rapidly narrowed to the base; petiole slender, in the lower leaves up to ± 5 cm., shorter in the upper leaves.. Flowers in long and slender, or shorter and denser long-pedunculate axillary racemes, up to ± 30 cm. long, laxer below; peduncles slender, the lower up to ± 14 cm., both they and the inflorescence axis glabrous or sparingly spreading hairy; bracts persistent, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 1–2.75 mm., glabrous, membranous with a green or brownish percurrent midrib, each subtending a sessile or subsessile partial inflorescence of 3 flowers.. Flowers glabrous, white tinged with pink to carmine or red, more rarely greenish white. Central flower fertile: 2 firm navicular outer perianth-segments ± 3–4.5 mm. long, oval or oblong, 3–12-nerved, acute, mucronate; the 2–3 inner segments slightly shorter, more delicate, blunt or erose, 1–3-nerved, hyaline with a darker central vitta; stamens subequalling or shorter than the style; style ± 1.5–4 mm., the 2 stigmas finally recurved. Lateral flowers appressed, 1-bracteolate, bracteoles similar in form to the bract, these flowers much reduced and increasingly so in the upper part of the spike (sometimes absent), modified into accrescent antler-shaped scales, scales with the lateral lobes narrow to broad and wing-like.. Fruit subglobose, slightly compressed, 2–2.5 mm., bluntly keeled along each side, furnished throughout with verrucae or ridges, surmounted by a thick circular rim or a corona of short firm processes; style persistent.
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Annual, often branched from base; small specimens erect; larger ones prostrate-ascending or with widely patent, prostrate-ascending, often long branches, 0.15-1.6 m long; stem often flexuous, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong from a cuneate, obtuse, rounded or subcordate base, with an acute, obtuse or rounded apex, entire or obsoletely crenulate, herbaceous, glabrous, 1½-7½ by ¾-5½ cm; petiole ¾-5 cm. Racemes solitary, widely patent-ascending, in upper part dense, lower down rather lax, 1-30 cm long (1¼-7½ cm of peduncle included), glabrous or subglabrous; lowest fruits often falling off before expansion of the highest flowers; bracts widely patent, ovate-lanceolate, concave with a strong midrib and broad scarious margins, glabrous (as are pedicels, bracteoles, scales and perianth), 2½-3 mm long, persistent; pedicels very short; bracteoles appressed against sterile flowers or in the absence of these against the perianth, oblong with scarious margins, 2-2½ mm long. Sterile flowers appressed against the fertile flower, flat, much dilated from a stalk-like base, palmatifid, towards the apex of the raceme gradually smaller, in the highest flowers absent. Tepals during anthesis more or less patent, afterwards erect; 2 outer ones 3½-4¼ mm long, concave, 5-7-nerved, green with whitish or pink borders; 3 inner ones shorter, much narrower, thinner, obtuse, pink, 1-2-nerved. Adult filaments much longer than anthers. Style (short stigmas excluded) 2-2.5 mm; perianth after anthesis not or hardly accrescent. Fruit compressed-globose, between the apical hornlets slightly depressed, bearing a persistent style-base, 2-2!/4 mm diam.
An annual herb. It grows 20-50 cm high. The leaf blade is narrowly oval. It lies over. It is branched from the base. The leaves are alternate. It is 2-6 cm long by 6-30 mm wide. The flowers are white or pink. They are small and long slender flower stalks. The fruit have one seed.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.7
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. Western Rajasthan. In Pakistan it grows up to 1,500 m altitude. In Kenya it grows between sea level and 1,500 m altitude. It can grow in dry savannah and semi-desert and moist locations. It is often near streams.
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Most common on disturbed and waste ground, but it also occurs in many kinds of habitat, from dry savannah and semi-desert to moist localities on deep clay and mud soils, from sea-level up to 1,500 metres.
Obviously preferring the drier areas, 1-250 m, in fields (especially when sandy), along road-sides, railway-embankments, waste places, usually in scattered specimens.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Leaves are boiled and eaten as a vegetable. They are seasoned with salt and chilli or used in curries. The nectar is sucked out of the flowers.
Uses animal food food gene source leaf vegetable medicinal
Edible flowers leaves nectars shoots stems
Therapeutic use Cough (flower), Diabetes mellitus (flower), Diuretics (flower), Laxatives (flower), Lithiasis (flower), Pharyngitis (flower), Urinary bladder diseases (flower), Urination disorders (flower), Urologic diseases (flower), Antinematodal agents (leaf), Astringents (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Laxatives (leaf), Urinary bladder diseases (leaf), Vomiting (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (seed), Laxatives (seed), Urinary bladder diseases (seed), Urination disorders (seed), Urologic diseases (seed), Aphrodisiacs (stem), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Vomiting (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Digera muricata habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Digera muricata habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Digera muricata habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Digera muricata leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Digera muricata leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Digera muricata leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Digera muricata flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Digera muricata flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Digera muricata flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Digera muricata world distribution map, present in Spain, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60279-1
WFO ID wfo-0000647244
COL ID 36375
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Achyranthes digera Chamissoa arabica Chamissoa ciliata Chamissoa commutata Chamissoa muricata Desmochaeta muricata Digera alternifolia Digera arvensis Digera ciliata Achyranthes alternifolia Achyranthes alternifolia Achyranthes ciliata Achyranthes muricata Achyranthes polygonoides Amaranthus frutescens Amaranthus arvensis Celosia muricata Cladostachys alternifolia Cladostachys arborescens Cladostachys muricata Desmochaeta alternifolia Desmochaeta ciliata Digera forsskaolii Digera frutescens Eclotoripa annua Eclotoripa fruticosa Digera muricata

Lower taxons

Digera muricata subsp. trinervis