Dillenia alata (Dc.) Martelli

Species

Angiosperms > Dilleniales > Dilleniaceae > Dillenia

Characteristics

Evergreen tree (3­­–) 5­–15 (­–20) m high, with trunk to 60 cm diam.; bark reddish brown, peeling in thin, papery flakes. Young stems glabrous or with sparse straight, simple hairs, glabrescent. Leaves with glabrous or (when young) moderately to sparsely pubescent to silky petiole 2.5–4 cm long, with linear-lanceolate, amplexicaul wings 2–6 mm wide, the wings partly caducous and abaxially glabrous to sparsely strigose-hirsute; lamina elliptic to ovate, rarely to orbicular or obovate, (5–) 10–20 (–35) cm long, (5–) 8–15 (–20) cm wide; base rounded, connected with petiolar wings; margin entire, slightly recurved; apex rounded; adaxial lamina glossy, dark green, glabrous; abaxial lamina dull green (lighter than adaxial lamina), glabrous. Inflorescences comprising leaf-opposed, 2–4-flowered racemes to 12 cm long; rachis glabrous; bracts absent. Flowers with glabrous pedicels 25­–40 mm long, ebracteolate. Sepals 5, glabrous except for marginal cilia; 2 outer sepals orbicular, 10–13 mm long; 3 inner sepals broadly ovate, 14–20 mm long. Petals 5, yellow, obovate, 35­–40 mm long, rounded. Stamens in 2 series; outer stamens c. 100, yellow; inner stamens c. 20, pink or red, with anthers longer than those of the outer series; filaments 2–3 mm long; anthers linear, 4–5 mm long (outer series) or 10–12 mm long (inner series), dehiscing by apical pores; staminodes yellow, several to many, thread-like, outside the outer stamens. Carpels (5) 6–8; ovaries compressed-obloid, arranged around a broad conical receptacle, glabrous; styles spreading, pink or red, 7–12 mm long. Ovules c. 8­–10 per carpel. Fruit star-like, dehiscent; carpels red, 18–20 mm long. Seeds 0–4 per carpel, obovoid, c. 4 mm long, c. 3 mm wide, black, reticulate; aril white, waxy, enclosing the seed.
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A small to medium sized tree. It grows to 10-18 m high and spreads to 4-10 m across. The trunk is smoothly round. It has a dense rounded evergreen crown. The bark is loose and flaky. It is reddish brown and bright in colour. The leaves are smooth and produced one after another along the stem. They are often grouped into rings around the stem. They are a rich glossy green. They are broadly oval with a lobe at the base. The leaf blade is 13-25 cm long by 8-12 cm wide. The veins show up clearly and they are raised underneath the leaf. The tip of the leaf is rounded. The leaf stalk has prominent wings and is 5.5 cm long. The flowers are bright yellow. They have 5 petals and 5 spreading lobes. The flowers are 5-8 cm across. There are usually 2-4 flowers together in a cluster at the end of a branch. The fruit is smooth, open, flat and fleshy. They are 4-4.5 cm across. There are 6-8 segments. These open out in a spreading fashion. The fruit are pinkish red when ripe. The fruit contain small brown seeds in a white seed layer. The seed are 5 mm across.
Tree, up to 20 m high, 60 cm diam., with reddish brown bark peeling off in thin papery flakes, and crooked branches. Leaves ovate to elliptic, ca 8-14-nerved, 8-25 by 5-15 cm, with rounded apex and base and entire, slightly recurved margin. Petiole 2½-4 cm long, with 2-6 mm broad wings; wings narrowing towards the base of the blade, partly caducous, leaving behind a ½ mm broad part on the lower ½-3/5 of the petiole, the wing on the upper 2/5-¼ permanent. Raceme 2-4-flowered. Flowers ca 7½ cm diam. Sepals 5, the outer 2 circular, 1.3 cm diam., the inner 3 elliptic-ovate, 2 by 1½ cm. Petals yellow, 40 by 25 mm. Stamens in 2 distinct groups, the outer ones ca 100, 7-8 mm long, straight in bud, the inner ones ca 18, 11-13 mm long, with their apex reflexed in bud. Carpels 6-8, deep crimson, ca 10 by 4 mm, with red, ca 14 mm long styles, each with ca 8 ovules. Fruit dehiscent. Carpels 18-20 by 10-14 mm, 1-3-seeded. Seeds 4 by 3 mm, black, enclosed by a membranaceous, waxy white aril.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 4.0 - 10.0
Mature height (meter) 15.0 - 19.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
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Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It occurs in dense coastal monsoon forest near freshwater streams. It needs adequate moisture and a well drained soil. It suits a humid place. It is drought and frost tender. In the Cairns Botanical Gardens. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
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Usually occurs in rainforests, riparian woodlands and forests, or in swamps, often on sandy soil. Ranges in elevation from around sea level to 600 m.
In Malaysia found in savannah forests.
Light -
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Cultivated as an ornamental for its attractive flowers and fruit. The wood has been used to craft furniture (Hoogland 1952). Dillenia alata features on a 50c Australian postage stamp issued 2 March 1986 commemorating Cook's voyage.
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The seeds are eaten raw especially by children. The white fleshy part of the fruit (aril) can be eaten.
Uses animal food food material medicinal ornamental social use wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from fresh seeds. It can also be grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings
Germination duration (days) -
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Images

Dillenia alata unspecified picture

Distribution

Dillenia alata world distribution map, present in Australia, Georgia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea

Conservation status

Dillenia alata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:146788-3
WFO ID wfo-0000647501
COL ID 6D69N
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Lenidia alata Wormia alata Wormia apetala Dillenia apetala Dillenia alata