Dillenia philippinensis Rolfe

Philippine dillenia (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Dilleniales > Dilleniaceae > Dillenia

Characteristics

Tree, up to 17 m high, 60 cm diam., with rather low-attached crown, reddish bark, and dark wood. Leaves elliptic or ovate to lanceolate, ca 10-15-nerved, 8-25 by 6-16 cm, chartaceous, with rounded to obtuse, often slightly acuminate apex, rounded to obtuse base, and slightly dentate or undulate margin. Petiole 3½-5 cm long, with half-elliptic to half-oblong, 3-12 mm broad, caducous wings. Inflorescence a 1-2-, rarely 3-flowered raceme with 5-16 cm long axis. Flower ca 10-15 cm diam. Sepals 5, the two outer ones ca 1.8 by 1.8 cm, the 3 inner ones 2-2½ by 1.7-2 cm. Petals white, 4-7 by 2-5 cm. Stamens in 2 distinct groups, the outer ones, ca 230, yellow, 11 mm long, straight in bud, the inner ones, ca 40, purplish, 15-23 mm long, with their apex reflexed in bud. Carpels 10-12, 7-9 by 2½-3 mm, with linear, ca 17 mm long, spreading styles, each with 10-12 ovules. Fruit indehiscent, depressed-globose, 4-5 cm high, 5-6 cm diam. including the enclosing slightly fleshy sepals. Carpels slightly spirally twisted, fleshy, 20 by 13 mm, 1-4-seeded. Seeds 5 by3 mm, very finely echin-ate, at the base enclosed by a 2 mm long, membranaceous aril.
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A medium sized shrubby tree. It grows 12 m high. The trunk can be 30 cm across. The bark is reddish. The leaves are leathery, shiny, oval and coarsely toothed. They are 10-20 cm long by 7-12 cm wide. The flowers are large showy and 15-18 cm across. The petals are white and the stamens purple. The fruit are round and enclosed by fleshy sepals. The fruit are 5 to 6 cm across with soft pulp. The fleshy sepals of the fruit are edible.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 12.0 - 13.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. Very common and widely distributed in the islands of the Philippines at low and medium altitudes. In Brisbane Botanical gardens.
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Primary forests and also in the more open, secondary formations, growing at low and medium elevations, rarely found above 1,000 metres.
Common in forests at low and medium altitudes, rarely above 1000 m, once collected at 1800 m.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses. The pulp from the fruit is eaten; it makes an excellent sauce or jam and is used, mixed with sugar, as a cough cure. It is also used for cleansing the hair. A red dye is obtained from the bark.
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The fruit (fleshy sepals) are eaten raw and also used for flavouring fish dishes. They can be used in jellies, preserves, curries and drinks. They are sour.
Uses dye environmental use food material medicinal poison timber wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds or cuttings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Dillenia philippinensis leaf picture by Fida C. (cc-by-sa)
Dillenia philippinensis leaf picture by Derrick Yson (cc-by-sa)
Dillenia philippinensis leaf picture by Antonel Ola (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Dillenia philippinensis flower picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)
Dillenia philippinensis flower picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Dillenia philippinensis world distribution map, present in Cayman Islands, Malaysia, and Philippines

Conservation status

Dillenia philippinensis threat status: Near Threatened

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316735-1
WFO ID wfo-0000647616
COL ID 365J2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Dillenia catmon Dillenia philippinensis var. pubifolia Dillenia philippinensis