Dioscorea cumingii Prain & Burkill

Species

Angiosperms > Dioscoreales > Dioscoreaceae > Dioscorea

Characteristics

Underground parts unknown. Stem to 10 mm in diam. at the base and decidedly prickly. Leaves 5-9(-10)-foliolate; petiole ± as long as middle leaflet; middle leaflet lanceolate to ovate-elliptic or elliptic, acuminate in varying degree, acute at the base, to 18 cm long; outer leaflet inequilateral, the less so the more numerous the leaflets, even to being almost equilateral, acuminate in varying degree; leaflets herbaceous, glabrescent above, pubescent below though tending to lose the hairs which are of a red colour passing to a dirty white; petiolules to 10 mm. Male flowering axes collected into large leafless branches to 70 cm long, usually 2 together, sometimes more, one considerably larger than the others; flowering axes to 3 cm, generally with red-brown hairs, flowers their own diameter apart; pedicels ½ mm; bracts 1 mm long wrapping over the buds incompletely. Outer tepals ovate, acute, glabrescent, 1 mm long, inner ones smaller, subspathulate, obtuse and curved inwards slightly. Stamens inserted at the base of the tepals, filaments as long as the anthers, the 3 staminodes overtopping the anthers. Female flowering axes solitary or paired, downwardly directed from the axils of upper leaves; axis angled, pubescent, with upwards of 30 flowers. Bracts lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, 2-3 mm long. Pedicels turning the ovaries so as to be horizontal or slightly ascending. Capsule darkening somewhat as it ripens, truncate above or very obtuse, truncate or even retuse at the base, sides rather straight, wings to 36 by 12 mm.
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Rootstock unknown. Stem twining to left, minutely yellow puberulent, prickly. Leaves alternate, palmately (3 or)5-or 7(or 9)-foliolate; petiole 7--9 cm; middle leaflet lanceolate, 8--12.5(--18) × 3--4.2 cm, ± herbaceous, puberulent, glabrescent except along veins, pinnately veined, base attenuate into indistinct petiolule, margin entire, apex caudate-acuminate; lateral leaflets obliquely elliptic, 6.5--9 × 2.3--3.2 cm, usually ± 2-veined from near base. Male spikes to 1.5 cm, in axillary panicles to 50 cm with 2 levels of branching, most parts densely gray tomentose. Male flowers: solitary; pedicel to 0.6 mm; bract and bracteoles forming involucel around perianth, bract cordate, ca. 1.5 mm, longer than perianth, bracteoles ovate, equaling perianth, tomentose, apex caudate; perianth drying dark, glabrescent, outer lobes oblong-ovate, to 2 mm, inner ones slightly smaller than outer; stamens 3; staminodes longer than stamens. Female spike solitary, 16--30 cm. Capsule oblong, 4--5 cm, puberulent when young, glabrescent, base cuneate, apex rounded; wings 0.9--1.3 cm wide. Seeds inserted near apex of capsule; wing pointing toward capsule base, ca. 0.9 × 0.5 cm. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug--Feb.
A yam. It keeps growing from year to year by shooting from the tubers. The vine is prickly. It twines to the left. The leaves are compound with 3-5-7 leaflets. They are arranged like fingers on a hand. They are covered with short soft brown hairs. There are 4 to 6 side nerves on the leaves. The leaf stalk is as long as the middle leaflet. The leaflet stalks are 1 cm long. The leaflets can be 18 cm long. The male flower is on the uppermost leaf axils and the female flowers are scattered on other leaf axils. The male flowering stalk is 70 cm long. The female flower stalks bear up to 30 flowers. The capsule is 2.5-4 cm long. It has wings.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention -
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.03
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. In the Philippines it occurs in forests in central Luzon. It grows in areas with considerable rainfall and close to mountains. It grows up to 1400 m altitude.
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The usual habitat of D. cumingii is about the skirts of mountains where the rainfall is considerable.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Econ. ELMER recorded that parts of the tuber, obviously the lower parts, are eaten as food in the Province of Benguet, Luzon. He gave to it the Igorot name kasi. Pari is said to be its name in the Bagobo language of Mindanao. Townsfolk who do not need to eat tubers of D. pentaphylla and its immediate allies do not distinguish it from D. pentaphylla and call both by the factitious name lima-lima (the fives) from the usual five leaflets.
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The tubers are cooked and eaten.
Uses -
Edible roots tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 21 - 36
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Dioscorea cumingii world distribution map, present in China, Malaysia, Philippines, and Taiwan, Province of China

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:317857-1
WFO ID wfo-0000390260
COL ID 36CK4
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Dioscorea cumingii Dioscorea echinata Dioscorea elmeri Dioscorea heptaphylla Dioscorea inaequifolia Dioscorea polyphylla Dioscorea cumingii var. inaequifolia Dioscorea cumingii var. polyphylla