Dioscorea dumetorum Pax

Bitter yam (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Dioscoreales > Dioscoreaceae > Dioscorea

Characteristics

Tuber replaced annually, much divided with short or cylindric round-ended root-bearing lobes up to 2.5 cm. in diameter, spreading or descending to ± 30 cm.. Twining stems up to 10 m. high, pubescent and beset sparsely or rather densely with prickles.. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate; petiole up to 20 cm. long, pubescent, usually with a few scattered prickles; leaflets with petiolule up to 10 mm. long, adpressed pubescent, glabrescent above, discolourous and lanate, rarely sparsely hirsute beneath; median leaflet obovoid, acutely acuminate, cuneate or rounded at the base, conspicuously 3-nerved from just above the base.. Male inflorescence paniculate, the ultimate branches spreading in all directions forming dense subsessile cylindric spikelets up to 15 mm. long, subsessile or on peduncles up to 5 mm. long; bracts broadly ovate, adpressed to the perianth and partly concealing it, densely pubescent; perianth subglobose, glabrous, with the 3 inner segments ± 1 mm. long and the 3 outer considerably smaller and thinner. Stamens 6.. Female inflorescence pendulous, spicate, 5–10 cm. long, with the flowers close together at first, the internodes elongating greatly in age; flowers directed downwards; perianth depressed subglobose, ± 2 mm. in diameter, pubescent; lobes subequal. Ovary ± 7 mm. long, densely pubescent.. Capsule as fig. 2/3, p. 5, (3–)4(–5) cm. long, rather sparsely pubescent.. Seeds (fig. 2/3a) ± 2 cm. long, with wing on the basal side only.
More
A climbing yam plant. It can be 10 m long. The vine twines left or clockwise. The vine is robust and has prickles near the base. The leaf has 3 leaflets. The flowers are small and round. Sometimes it forms bulbils or small aerial yams along the stem. Underground the tubers are usually fused together to form a cluster. Some wild forms are very poisonous. The tubers vary in shape and colour. There is often a main tuber with deep lobes then small tubers around it. They are near the soil surface and 3-7 cm across. The flesh can be white, pale yellow or dark yellow.
Liane. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate, petiole up to 200 mm long. Leaflets up to 210 mm long, median leaflet obovoid, acutely acuminate. Ultimate spikelets of inflorescence up to 15 mm long, subsessile or on peduncles up to 5 mm long.
The species includes more or less poisonous wild varieties as well as cultivated edible varieties with either white or yellow-fleshed tubers.
Annual tubers, several per plant and a common bead, near the soil surface
Spiny climber, 9 ft. high
Rather prickly bulbils
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention -
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Common throughout the savannah region. Edges of lowland rainforest, dry evergreen forest, evergreen bushland, and on termite mounds in Brachystegia woodland, persisting in plantations, in secondary thickets as well as grasslands, to 1,700 metres
More
A tropical plant. It is native to tropical Africa. It grows between 15°N and 15°S. It grows on the edges of forests and along river banks. It occurs between 500-1,400 m altitude.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

CAUTION: Some forms are poisonous. They must be processed before being used. The tuber is boiled, peeled, sliced, pounded, and steeped in running (preferably salt) water then dried. It is also used to make an alcoholic drink. Caution: Alcohol is a cause of cancer.
Uses food gene source material medicinal poison social use
Edible pods roots tubers
Therapeutic use Poison (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from setts or section of the tubers. Sections of the vine can be used.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 36
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) 25 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Dioscorea dumetorum unspecified picture
Dioscorea dumetorum unspecified picture
Dioscorea dumetorum unspecified picture

Distribution

Dioscorea dumetorum world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Jamaica, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:317919-1
WFO ID wfo-0000390528
COL ID 36CLQ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Helmia dumetorum Dioscorea dumetorum Dioscorea buchholziana Dioscorea triphylla var. abyssinica Dioscorea triphylla var. dumetorum Dioscorea triphylla var. rotundata Dioscorea triphylla var. tomentosa Dioscorea triphylla