Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax

Zanzibar yam (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Dioscoreales > Dioscoreaceae > Dioscorea

Characteristics

Plants tuberous; tubers buried just below soil surface, irregularly lobed, globose. Stems twining counterclockwise, climbing to more than 7 m, terete, grooved, or weakly angled with variable number of longitudinal ridges raised less than 1 mm adaxially, producing axillary bulbils frequently greater than 5 cm diam. in leaf axils. Leaves alternate at basal nodes, opposite distally, 6–27 × 7–42 cm; petiole 6–20 cm, as long as or slightly longer than blade, base clasping, basal lobes stipulate, 1–8 mm wide; blade 7–11-veined, reniform to somewhat deltate, glabrous, margins irregularly 3–5-lobed, apex conspicuously caudate. Staminate inflorescences 1–2(–4) per axil, spicate or terminally paniculate, cymose; cymes subsessile, bearing (1–) 2–4 flowers subtended by ovate bracteoles, internodes ca. 1 cm; rachis 20–40 cm, subtended by ovate bracts ca. 1 mm. Pistillate inflorescences 1–3 per axil, to 80 cm, internodes 2–2.5 cm. Staminate flowers: perianth yellowish; tepals in 2 similar whorls, narrowly spreading at anthesis, lanceolate, 3–6 mm; fertile stamens 6 in 2 subequal whorls; anthers less than ½ length of filaments, thecae distinct, not spreading. Pistillate flowers: perianth white with purple veins; tepals as in staminate flowers; staminodes 6, smaller than fertile stamens; style branches irregularly 2-fid. Capsules not reflexed at maturity, longer than wide. Seeds bilaterally winged.
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Tuber perennial, becoming very large in age, depressed globose, flattened below, hollowed towards the centre, developing roundish lobes in age, up to 40 cm. in diameter and 15 cm. deep, the upper surface near ground-level.. Plant glabrous.. Twining stems 25 m. or more long.. Leaves normally opposite; petiole 8–12(–26) cm. long; blade heart-shaped, up to 20(–46) cm. long (including acumen) and 23(–58) cm. broad, with a thickened acute acumen 5(–20) cm. long; towards base of stem leaves replaced by fleshy auricles; leaf-blades of young plants variously shaped and lobed (see fig. 3/1–3).. Aerial tubers irregularly roundish, up to 6 cm. diameter, deep purplish.. Inflorescences pendulous, spicate.. Male 1 or 2 per leaf-axil or forming a terminal leafless panicle; spikes up to 50 cm. long, with 1 or 2 downwardly directed flowers at each node, not opening wide, ± 5 mm. long. Stamens 6.. Female inflorescences 1–3 per leaf-axil, up to 48 cm. long; flowers solitary at a node, directed downwards; perianth not opening wide, ± 3 mm. in diameter. Ovary ± 6 mm. long.. Capsule as in fig. 1/2, p. 4, ± 5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. in diameter, directed upwards.. Seeds (fig. 1/2a) winged at both ends, ± 3.5 cm. long.
A yam. The vine is 6-25 m high. The tubers occur singly and are rounded. They are 50 cm across. They are near the soil surface. The stems twine to the left. It does not have spines or only blunt, flattened spines. The leaves are opposite. They taper to the tip. The edges of the leaves are thickened and often roll inwards. The young leaves have 3-9 deep lobes. There are usually bulbils along the vine. These are up to 5 cm across. They are round but vary in colour and texture.
Glabrous non-spiny climber 15-20 ft. high
Bearing purple or brownish toxic bulbils
The perennial tubers are also poisonous
Female flowers white, veined purple.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention -
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.0 - 6.1
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in subsaharan Africa. It is usually close to water or in forest near rivers. It grows between 200-650 m altitude.
More
Not known
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

Caution: The tuber contains alkaloids. It can contain a toxin which acts several hours after eating. The tubers are eaten.
Uses environmental use food material medicinal poison social use
Edible roots tubers
Therapeutic use Poison (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 36
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Dioscorea sansibarensis leaf picture by Janelle Jkhjung (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Dioscorea sansibarensis world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:318552-1
WFO ID wfo-0000394950
COL ID 36D8R
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 807310
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Dioscorea sansibarensis Dioscorea macabiha Dioscorea macroura Dioscorea toxicaria Dioscorea welwitschii