Diosma hirsuta L.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Rutaceae > Diosma

Characteristics

Shrubs up to 0.5 m tall with many stems arising from a stout rootstock, last burnt about 4 years ago. Branches long, slender, erect, becoming glabrous when the epidermis splits off; leaf scars projecting as distinct lumps. Branchlets fairly short, erect, scattered, densely crisped pubescent, yellow at first becoming reddish-brown, leafy, very short at the inflorescence. Leaves on vigorous young stems up to 22 mm long, more normally about 12 mm long, 0.9 mm broad, linear-lanceolate, alternate, erect; apex acute with a sharp erect mucro; margins narrowly cartilaginous, villous-ciliate at first; adaxial surface glabrous, more or less flat when fresh; abaxial surface convex showing a double midrib when dry, crisped pubescent at first, one row of gland dots to either side of the midrib; narrowing slightly at the base to a petiole about 1 mm long. Inflorescence terminal in very much reduced compound racemes; flowers 5 mm diam., pedicellate. Bract 1.2 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, lanceolate, glabrous, without gland dots; apex sub-obtuse, somewhat thickened; margins ciliolate, translucent below. Bracteoles two, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, lanceolate, glabrous without gland dots, ciliolate; apex acute with a small translucent point. Calyx lobes five, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, lanceolate, glabrous, gland-dotted; apex sub-acute, thickened, margins ciliolate, translucent. Petals five, 2.5 mm long, 1.7 mm broad, ovate, glabrous, white, without gland dots, spreading, connate at the base with the lobes of the disc; margins irregular with about 3 incipient cilia to either side below. Staminodes none. Filaments five, becoming 1.2 mm long, acicular, glabrous, spreading after anthesis. Anthers five, 0.8 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, yellowish; apical gland globose, semi-immersed. Pollen 45 µ long, 25 µ broad, oblong. Disc 5-sinuate-crenulate, green or reddened, stands well open, exceeds the ovary by a long way, exudes nectar. Stigma 0.35 mm diam., capitellate, pale green. Style becoming 1.2 mm long, normally fairly erect, glabrous. Ovary 5-carpellate, 7.5-2.5 mm long including the horn 1.5-3 mm long (observed from 17 localities), carpels glabrous, gland-dotted, oily and strong smelling when fresh if crushed. It appears that one, two or more of the carpels fail to be fertile. Seed 5.5-7 mm long, 2.4-3 mm broad (observed from 10 localities), black, shining; aril streaked with black.
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Shrub, 0.5(-1.5) m high, single stemmed at base. Leaves linear, 12(-22) x 0.9 mm, alternate, simple, shortly petiolate, one row of gland dots to either side of midrib. Flowers terminal, 5 mm in diam., pedicellate, in much-reduced, compound racemes. Calyx: lobes 5, 1.5 mm long, persisting. Petals 5, 2.5 x 1.7 mm, ovate, glabrous, white, without gland dots, connate with lobes of disc, spreading. Stamens 5; anthers with apical gland globose, semi-immersed. Staminodes absent. Disc well developed, sinuate-crenulate, 5-lobed, fleshy, nectariferous, standing open, much longer than ovary. Ovary 5-carpellate, often glandular with gland persisting and immersed at apex of horn of ripe fruit. Flowering time mainly Sept.-Nov. Fruit 5-carpellate; carpels glabrous, with gland dots; horns 1.5-3.0 mm long.
A shrub. It grows 50 cm tall. It has a stout rootstock that produces many stems. The leaves are narrow and 12 mm long and 1 mm wide. The flowers are in a compound group at the top of the stems and are small. The flowers are 5 mm across.
Finely leafy, aromatic shrublet sometimes to 50 cm, resprouting from a woody caudex. Leaves linear, mucronate. Flowers in compact racemes grouped in lax, terminal corymbs, white, petals persisting below fruit.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.75 - 1.25
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a subtropical plant.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 2-6
Soil acidity 2-5
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible bulbs leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Diosma hirsuta world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:772468-1
WFO ID wfo-0000648276
COL ID 36DKB
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Melia hirsuta Diosma ambigua Diosma ericifolia Diosma ericoides Diosma hirsuta Diosma vulgaris Bucco rubra Coleonema rubrum Diosma linifolia Diosma longifolia Diosma macrosticta Diosma pallida Diosma pectinata Diosma pinifolia Diosma rubra Diosma rubra Diosma serpyllifolia Diosma simsiana Diosma tenuifolia Diosma vulgaris var. longifolia Diosma vulgaris var. rubra Diosma vulgaris var. vulgaris