Diospyros batocana Hiern

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ebenaceae > Diospyros

Characteristics

A small tree. It is often twisted and crooked. It grows to 7 m high. The bark is dark grey. It is rough and cracked. The leaves are oval. They are 5-10 cm long by 2.2-4.5 cm wide. They are leathery. The leaves are glossy dark green above and dull pale green underneath. The edges are rolled under. The leaf stalk is 3-8 cm long. The flowers are creamy white. There can be violet tinges. They are 1.5 cm long with a sweet scent. The flowers occur in clusters on old wood. The fruit are oval or round and fleshy. They are 4 cm across. They have short, soft, brown hairs when young. Fruit are orange when mature.
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Leaves rigid, coriaceous, glossy above, pale glaucous–green beneath; lamina 6 x 2–12 x 4 cm., usually narrowly to broadly elliptic and rounded or subacute at both ends, but sometimes lanceolate or lanceolate–elliptic and acute at both ends; lower surface glabrous except for a few strigulose hairs; lateral nerves in about 7 pairs, indistinct above, subprominent beneath; venation indistinct.
Corolla c. 1·4 cm. long, hypocrateriform, white and waxy inside, strigulose–tomentellous outside with blackish, downward–directed hairs; tube c. 1 cm. long, broadest at the middle, thickened and constricted inside at the throat; lobes 4–6, 0·4 x 0·3 cm., suborbicular.
Ovary 0·5 x 0·5 cm., subglobose, merging into the short, stout style, strigulose–tomentellous; locules 6, styles 3, short; stigmatic lobes, large, fleshy, deeply and irregularly lobed.
Male flowers rarely axillary, usually in subsessile clusters on the older branchlets and on branches up to 10 cm. in diameter, the persistent axes forming prominent coralloid bosses.
Calyx 0·6 cm. long, cyathiform, with 4–6 very short, broadly deltate or rounded lobes, strigulose–tomentellous outside with blackish, upward–directed hairs.
Fruit up to 4 cm. in diameter, obovoid or oblate, orange, tomentose when young with chocolate–brown or rufous appressed hairs, glabrescent in patches.
Female flowers similar to the male in structure and position, but calyx more deeply lobed and corolla with broader tube and shorter lobes.
Stamens 15–17, included, inserted on the receptacle, 0·6 cm. long; filaments c. 0–1 cm. long; anthers linear–apiculate, glabrous.
Small, evergreen sclerophyllous tree 3–8(12) m. high, very rarely flowering as a shrub less than 1 m. high.
Staminodes 6–8, densely setulose, attached to base of corolla–tube.
Fruiting calyx 0·5–0·6 cm. long, scarcely accrescent, patelliform.
Pistillode represented by a tuft of glandular hairs.
Seeds 5–6, c. 2 x 1 x 0·8 cm., endosperm smooth.
Bracts inconspicuous, up to 0·3 cm. long.
Bark blackish, rough, deeply fissured.
Crown dense, rounded.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows at low altitude in hot woodland. It grows between 900-1,525 m above sea level. It grows on sands. It can grow in arid places.
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Various types of woodland, at elevations up to 1,525 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten. They are eaten as a famine food by adults. They can be boiled. The leaves are poisonous but are laid over millet being fermented into beer to improve the flavour.
Uses bee plant food food additive gene source invertebrate food material medicinal poison vertebrate poison
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Wart (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Diospyros batocana world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322123-1
WFO ID wfo-0000648555
COL ID 36DV4
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Diospyros batocana Diospyros odorata Diospyros xanthocarpa Diospyros odorata var. rhodesiana