Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) Bakh.

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ebenaceae > Diospyros

Characteristics

Evergreen shrub or small tree 4-18 m. high, with dense crown; bark brown, rough; heartwood black; slash red to pink or white.. Bud-scales absent or minute and fugaceous.. Leaves coppery green when young, subcoriaceous, drying pale brown; lamina broadly elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, 1-11 cm. long, 0.8-3.5 cm. wide, apex usually shortly acuminate or subacuminate, sometimes obtuse or rounded, rounded to cuneate at base, lower surface glabrous except for a few hairs, chiefly on the midrib and margin; secondary nerves in ± 5-9 pairs, together with the tertiary nerves and veins forming an indistinct reticulum.. Male flowers subsessile in 1-3(-4)-flowered cymules in axils of leaves or towards base of current year’ s growth in axils of caducous bracts; peduncle 1-3 mm. long, densely setulose; calyx 3 mm. long, densely strigulose outside, glabrous inside; calyx-lobes 3, ± triangular, very variable in shape and size; corolla white, 5 mm. long, lobed to just below the middle; corolla-lobes 3, elliptic, somewhat fleshy, ascending, with densely strigulose mid-petaline lines, otherwise glabrous; stamens 8-14, in pairs; filaments 0.5-1 mm. long, inserted on the receptacle, glabrous; anthers 1-1.5 mm. long, lanceolate, apiculate, glabrous or with a few apical hairs; rudimentary ovary represented by a tuft of hairs.. Female flowers solitary in axils of leaves and caducous foliaceous bracts towards base of current year’ s shoot, subsessile, somewhat larger than the male and with calyx and corolla less deeply divided; staminodes absent; ovary 3 mm. long, conoidal, densely strigulose, terminating in 3 fleshy, bilobed stigmas.. Fruit red, broadly ellipsoid or depressed-globose, ± 1-1.3 cm. long, 0.9-1.2 cm. wide, sparsely adpressed hairy or glabrous except for a few hairs towards the base of the persistent calyx.. Seeds subellipsoid, 1-2, 9 × 4 × 3 mm.. Fruiting calyx patelliform, 3 mm. long, irregularly 3-lobed, lobes broadly triangular to semicircular.. Fig. 2/1.
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Trees, small, sometimes procumbent, evergreen. Branchlets grayish, pubescent to hirsute, glabrescent. Winter buds appressed brownish pubescent to hirsute. Petiole 4--5 mm; leaf blade oblong, oblong-oblanceolate, or elliptic, occasionally obovate, 2--4(--8) X 1--2(--3) cm, leathery, glabrous or nearly so, base attenuate to obtuse, apex rounded to emarginate, lateral veins 5--7 per side and usually inconspicuous, reticulate veinlets almost invisible and sometime adaxially ± raised. Male inflorescences 1--3-flowered, densely appressed pubescent; pedicel very short to almost absent; calyx cup-shaped, 2.5--3.5 mm, densely pubescent; calyx lobes 3, erect, flat, ca. 1/2 as long as tube, apex rounded; corolla urn-shaped, 6--8.5 mm; corolla tube 4--5 mm, outside partly densely sericeous, inside glabrous; corolla lobes 3, spreading, 2--3.5 X 1.5--2 mm, apex rounded; stamens (5--)8, often partly exserted from tube; pistillode densely hirsute. Female flowers sessile or subsessile; calyx lobes 3--5, ciliate, outside tomentose; ovary 3-locular, densely hirsute, rarely glabrescent. Fruit solitary, subsessile. Fruiting calyx bowl-shaped, ca. 3 X 6 mm, pubescent or glabrous; lobes 3(--5), shorter than tube, apex rounded. Berries ellipsoid, 8--13 X ca. 8 mm, 3-locular, finely puberulous, glabrous when mature. Seeds 1--3, almost black, cylindric, often flat on one side, ca. 8 X 3.5 mm. Fr. Sep.
Leaves subcoriaceous, drying pale brown; lamina 3·5 x 1·8–8 x 3·5 cm., broadly elliptic to lanceolate–elliptic, apex usually shortly acuminate or sub–acuminate, sometimes obtuse or rounded, lower surface glabrous except for a few setulose hairs, chiefly on the midrib and margin; secondary nerves in about 5–9 pairs, together with the tertiary nerves and veins forming an indistinct reticulum.
Female flowers solitary in axils of leaves and caducous foliaceous bracts towards base of current year’s shoot, subsessile, somewhat larger than the male and with calyx and corolla less deeply divided.
Male flowers subsessile in 1–3(4)–flowered cymules in axils of leaves or towards base of current year’s growth in axils of caducous bracts; peduncle 0·1–0·3 cm. long, densely setulose.
Stamens 8–14, in pairs; filaments 0·05–0·1 cm. long, inserted on the receptacle, glabrous; anthers 0·1–0·15 cm. long, lanceolate, apiculate, glabrous or with a few apical hairs.
Corolla 0·5 cm. long, lobed to just below the middle, lobes 3, elliptic, somewhat fleshy, ascending, with densely strigulose mid–petaline lines, otherwise glabrous.
Fruit c. 1–3 x 0–9 cm., broadly ellipsoid, glabrous except for a few strigulose hairs towards the base of the persistent style.
Calyx 0·3 cm. long, densely strigulose outside, glabrous inside; lobes 3, ± deltate, very variable in shape and size.
Fruiting calyx patelliform, 0·3 cm. long, irregularly 3–lobed, lobes broadly deltate to hemi–orbicular.
Ovary 0·3 x 0 .25 cm., conoidal, densely strigulose, terminating in 3 fleshy, bilobed stigmas.
Forest shrub or small under-storey tree 5-45 ft. high with spreading and arching branches
Bark dark grey, slash black outside, red inside, sapwood white or pale straw-coloured
Evergreen shrub or small tree up to 18 m. high.
Seeds 1–2, 0 9 x 0·4 x 0·3 cm., sub–ellipsoid.
Bud–scales absent or minute and fugaceous.
Pistillode represented by a tuft of hairs.
Young shoots densely rusty pilose
Staminodes absent.
Flowers white.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.01 - 0.02
Mature height (meter) 8.0 - 12.86
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Drier sites in closed-forest, forest margins, rocky savannah and coastal thickets in west Africa. Evergreen broad-leaved forests along coast and to elevations of 500 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses food fuel gene source invertebrate food material medicinal ornamental social use wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Diarrhea (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Liver diseases (unspecified), Splenic diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Diospyros ferrea unspecified picture

Distribution

Diospyros ferrea world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Bangladesh, Central African Republic, China, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Nigeria, Philippines, Sudan, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Viet Nam, Vanuatu, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322393-1
WFO ID wfo-0000648873
COL ID 6D98P
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Diospyros ferrea f. lamponga Maba buxifolia Maba smeathmannii Maba secundiflora Maba guineensis Maba vacciniifolia Maba angustifolia Maba ebenus Maba ebenoxylon Maba cumingiana Maba papuana Maba nigrescens Maba lamponga Maba madagascariensis Diospyros egbert-walkeri Diospyros nigrescens Diospyros salomonensis Ebenoxylum verum Diospyros ferrea Ebenus nigrescens Diospyros ferrea f. oblanceolata Maba caningiana Maba neilgherrensis Maba ferrea Diospyros angustifolia Ferreola buxifolia Ferreola ebenus Ferreola guineensis Maba egbert-walkeri Diospyros ferrea var. indonesica Diospyros ferrea var. angustifolia Diospyros ferrea var. aroeensis Diospyros ferrea var. buxifolia Diospyros ferrea var. buxoides Diospyros ferrea var. ellipsoidea Diospyros ferrea var. guineensis Diospyros ferrea var. lamponga Diospyros ferrea var. salomonensis Diospyros ferrea f. angustata Diospyros ferrea f. globosa Diospyros ferrea f. oblonga Diospyros ferrea f. oblongata Diospyros ferrea f. obovata Diospyros ferrea f. subelliptica Diospyros vera Diospyros ferrea var. angustifolia Ebenus lamponga