Diospyros kirkii Hiern

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ebenaceae > Diospyros

Characteristics

Usually small deciduous or semideciduous tree 3-8(-12 or more?) m. tall, with often twisted bole and rounded crown; bark black or dark grey, rough and deeply fissured with “ expanded metal appearance”; slash yellow-pink; young branchlets leaves and inflorescences pinkish lanate or densely brown velvety tomentose.. Leaves drying pale reddish brown or pale green, oblong-elliptic to broadly elliptic, 4-19 cm. long, 2.1-12.8 cm. wide, rounded at both ends, ± coriaceous, at first densely hairy but less so with age, and ± glabrous above, although even in very old leaves some persistent pubescence is present; lateral nerves 6-8 pairs, prominent beneath, tertiary nerves and veins forming a close reticulation, slightly raised above, strongly raised beneath and very prominent in old large leaves; petiole thick, 0.7-1.3 cm. long.. Male flowers in 3-or more-flowered cymules borne towards the base of the current year’ s growth in the axils of deciduous reduced leaves or the first-formed foliage leaves; peduncles 0.5-1.5 cm. long; pedicels ± 1 mm. long; calyx 4-7 mm. long, densely spreading brown hairy; calyx-lobes 4-5(-6), triangular, 3-5 mm. long, acuminate with rounded tip and revolute margins; corolla brown outside, greenish inside, urceolate, 1 cm. long, glabrous inside and thickened at the throat, velutinous-tomentose outside; corolla-tube 8 mm. long; corolla-lobes 4-5, ovate-apiculate, 2 mm. long; stamens 14-16, 5-6 mm. long, included; filaments very short, inserted on the receptacle; anthers linear-lanceolate, apiculate, glabrous; rudimentary ovary minute, tomentose.. Female flowers similar to male but solitary or in pairs and much larger; calyx 0.8-1 cm. long; calyx-lobes triangular, up to 9 mm. long, 5.5 mm. wide, densely brown hairy, revolute; staminodes ± 8, filiform; ovary 6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide with 4 locules; style not clearly differentiated; stigma large, fleshy, sessile, 3-4-lobed.. Fruit greenish yellow to golden-yellow or orange, globose or ellipsoid-globose, 2-4 cm. diameter, at first densely adpressed sericeous velvety but eventually glabrous and shiny, slightly verruculose; calyx with flat persistent lobes usually not undulate save in old specimens.. Seeds 2-4, reddish brown, narrowly oblong, 1-2 cm. long, 5 mm. wide; endosperm ruminate.. Fig. 3/25.
More
A small tree. It grows to 7 m high. The bark is dark grey and very rough. It often flakes off in square sections. It loses many leaves during the year. The leaves are oval or round and 15 cm long by 8.5 cm across. The young leaves and stems have pink hairs. The flowers are pinkish. They have pinkish woolly hairs. They occur in heads of a few flowers in the axils of leaves. These are about 2 cm long. The fruit are round and 3.5-4 cm across. They are yellow when mature. The fruit are edible.
Leaves subcoriaceous, drying pale reddish–brown; lamina 8 x 5–18 x 12 cm., broadly elliptic, apex and base usually rounded; lower surface persistently pubescent with spreading flexuose hairs, rarely glabrescent; secondary nerves in 6–8 pairs, prominent beneath, tertiary nerves and veins forming a prominent reticulum beneath.
Male flowers in 3–or more flowered cymules borne towards the base of the current year’s growth in the axils of caducous reduced leaves or the first–formed foliage leaves; peduncles 0·5–1·5 cm. long; pedicels c. 0·1 cm. long.
Corolla 1 cm. long, urceolate, velutinous–tomentose outside, glabrous inside and thickened at the throat; tube 0·8 cm. long; lobes 4–5, 0·2 cm. long, ovate–apiculate.
Female flowers similar to male but solitary or in pairs and much larger, especially the calyx which is 0·8–1 cm. long and is more deeply–lobed.
Stamens 14–16, included, 0·5–0·6 cm. long; filaments very short, inserted on the receptacle; anthers linear–lanceolate, apiculate, glabrous.
Ovary 0·6 x 0·4 cm.; locules 4; style not differentiated from the ovary; stigma large, fleshy, sessile, 3–4–lobed.
Young branchlets, leaves and inflorescence–axes densely covered with pinkish lanate indumentum.
Fruit up to 3·5 cm. in diameter, golden–yellow or orange, globose, verruculose, glabrescent.
Fruiting calyx with flat not undulate lobes, except sometimes in very old specimens.
Bark dark grey or blackish, rough with deep longitudinal fissures.
Calyx 0·4–0·7 cm. long, lobes 4–5, 0·3–0·5 cm. long, debate.
Small, deciduous or semi–deciduous tree 4–8 m. high.
Seeds 3–4, reddish–brown; endosperm ruminate.
Pistillode minute, tomentose.
Staminodes c. 8, filiform.
Bole often twisted.
Crown rounded.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.5 - 8.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It occurs in open woodland and on rocky and stony ridges. It needs a sunny position. It grows between 400-1,250 m above sea level. It grows in areas with a rainfall between 500-1270 mm per year. It is best with temperatures between 16°-27°C. It can grow in arid places.
More
Woodlands, including miombo; on termite mounds; often on rocky ridges; secondary woodland; open forest and savannah woodland, 1,200-1,500 metres. Various types of woodland, especially open woodland on stony soils and at the edges of bamboo.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten raw.
Uses environmental use food fuel material medicinal wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Trees can be grow from seeds but they do not germinate easily. Plants can be grown from large cuttings and also from root suckers.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Diospyros kirkii world distribution map, present in Angola, Mozambique, Tanzania, United Republic of, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Diospyros kirkii threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322566-1
WFO ID wfo-0000649162
COL ID 6CWZQ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Diospyros flexilis Diospyros kirkii Diospyros platyphylla Diospyros baumii Diospyros latifolia Diospyros usaramensis