Diospyros lotus L.

Date plum (en), Plaqueminier d'Italie (fr), Plaqueminier lotus (fr), Plaqueminier d'Europe (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ebenaceae > Diospyros

Characteristics

Trees, deciduous. Bark grayish black to grayish brown. Petiole 0.7--1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-oblong, 5--13 X 2.5--6 cm, submembranous, abaxially drying green or glaucous and with dark veinlets, base obtuse, broadly cuneate, or subrounded, apex acuminate to acute, lateral veins 7--10 per side, reticulate veinlets clearly defined, flat, and dark. Male flowers 1--3 together; pedicel to 6 mm; calyx lobes 4(or 5); corolla reddish to pale yellow, urn-shaped, ca. 4 mm, lobes 4; stamens 16. Female flowers subsessile, pale green to reddish; calyx lobes 4; corolla urn-shaped, ca. 6 mm, lobes 4 or rarely 5; staminodes 8; ovary 8-locular, glabrous except for apex; styles 4. Fruiting calyx lobes 4, ovate, apex obtuse. Berries pale yellow, becoming bluish black with a glaucous bloom, subglobose to ellipsoid, 1--2 cm in diam. Seeds brown, compressed, ca. 10 X 6 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov.
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A deciduous tree. It grows up to 15-30 m tall. It can spread to 8 m wide. The bark is furrowed. Young twigs are hairy. The leaf blade is oval and 5-13 cm long by 2.5-6 cm wide. The flowers are reddish or greenish-white. They are bell shaped. The male flowers are in clusters of 2-3 and the female flowers usually occur singly. The fruit are brown or yellow berries. They turn dark purple when ripe. They are 2 cm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 5.0 - 7.0
Mature height (meter) 9.0 - 12.0
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is native to S.W. Asia and Northern Iran. It grows between 500-2500 m altitude in southern China. They grow between 1,180-2,000 m altitude in Kashmir. It is very cold hardy. It does not tolerate acidic soils. It suits hardiness zones 5-9. In Sichuan and Yunnan. Arboretum Tasmania.
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Mixed mountain forests to 1500 metres in China.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The fruit are eaten fresh or preserved and used in wine and vinegar. The fruit are astringent and usually need special treatment. They need to be very ripe. The fruit can be dried.
Uses fodder food gene source material medicinal social use wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Fever (fruit), Hypnotics and sedatives (seed)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. They can also be grafted.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Diospyros lotus habit picture by bas yves (cc-by-sa)
Diospyros lotus habit picture by bas yves (cc-by-sa)
Diospyros lotus habit picture by John Sycorax (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Diospyros lotus leaf picture by Carmenssin Mari (cc-by-sa)
Diospyros lotus leaf picture by Jean François Tenon (cc-by-sa)
Diospyros lotus leaf picture by aizawa chieko (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Diospyros lotus flower picture by Isabelle G (cc-by-sa)
Diospyros lotus flower picture by Isabelle G (cc-by-sa)
Diospyros lotus flower picture by Roberta Salvi (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Diospyros lotus fruit picture by JF B (cc-by-sa)
Diospyros lotus fruit picture by Charley Chazot (cc-by-sa)
Diospyros lotus fruit picture by Casa Maria (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Diospyros lotus world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Bulgaria, Switzerland, China, Spain, France, Greece, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), and Turks and Caicos Islands

Conservation status

Diospyros lotus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322629-1
WFO ID wfo-0000649239
COL ID 6D8KG
BDTFX ID 22550
INPN ID 95048
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Diospyros lotus f. longifolia Dactylus trapezuntinus Diospyros calycina Diospyros mediterranea Diospyros umlovok Diospyros lotus var. mollissima Diospyros lotus var. lotus Diospyros lotus f. ellipsoidea Diospyros lotus f. globosa Diospyros lotus f. ovoidea Diospyros lotus var. laevis Diospyros lotus