Diospyros quiloensis (Hiern) F.White

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ebenaceae > Diospyros

Characteristics

Small deciduous tree 1.8-9 m. tall or sometimes a several-stemmed shrub; bark on bole and branches dark grey to almost black, very thick rough and deeply fissured longitudinally and transversely cracked, resembling crocodile skin, the fissures 1-2 cm. deep and 1-3 cm. apart; wood yellow with black heartwood.. Leaves dark green and glossy red above when young, mostly drying blackish, mostly crowded at ends of very short spur-shoots, sometimes scattered on long shoots, oblanceolate to spathulate or elliptic, 2.5-6(-7) cm. long, 1.2-2(-3.5) cm. wide, rounded to subacute at the apex, cuneate at the base (rounded to subcordate fide T.T.C.L.), plane at margins, subcoriaceous, sparsely puberulous beneath especially on the midrib; lateral nerves in ± 7-9 pairs, together with tertiary nerves and veins all indistinct.. Male flowers 2-12, scented, in rather lax cymes, borne below the leaves towards the base of spur-shoots and in axils of fallen leaves on long shoots; peduncle 1 mm. long; pedicels very slender, up to 4 mm. long; calyx 1.5-2 mm. long, glabrous except for minute marginal setulae; calyx-lobes 3-4, triangular, 1-1.5 mm. long; corolla cream, rotate, 6-8 mm. long, glabrous; corolla-tube 1.5 mm. long; corolla-lobes 3-4, ovate-triangular; stamens 9-12, 4-5 mm. long, inserted on the corolla-tube, one opposite to and 2 alternating with each lobe, usually distinctly exserted; anthers lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm. long, not apiculate, densely setulose; rudimentary ovary minute, glabrous.. Female flowers solitary or 2-5 in fascicles, at base of spur-shoots and in leaf-axils and axils of fallen leaves on long shoots, subsessile; calyx 4 mm. long and corolla 9 mm. long otherwise resembling those of male; staminodes 3, ± 3 mm. long, attached to the corolla-tube and alternating with the lobes, minutely setulose at apex; ovary obovoid, 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, glabrous, with 6 uniovulate locules; style 1.5 mm. long, stout, ending in a large irregularly lobed fleshy stigma.. Fruit yellow, fusiform, 1.5-2 cm. long, 9 mm. wide, glabrous, the style persistent; calyx ± 5 mm. long, the tube shorter than the rounded or obtuse lobes, much wider than the pedicel.. Seed 1, ellipsoid; endosperm smooth.. Fig. 2/8; fig. 5/3-5.
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A small to medium sized tree. It grows up to 10 m high. The crown is rounded. The bark is dark grey and cracked along its length forming a "crocodile" bark. The leaves can be crowded near the ends of very short branches. The leaves are oval or spoon like and 6 cm long by 2 cm wide. They are dark green and glossy above and paler underneath. There can be fine hairs underneath. The leaves taper to both ends. The edges roll under slightly. The edges are wavy. The leaf stalk is 1-5 mm long. The flowers are creamy-white and have a sweet scent. The male flowers are 8 mm long in loose clusters of 2-12 flowers in the axils of fallen leaves. The female flowers are larger up to 10 mm long and in groups or 2-3 in the axils of leaves. The fruit resemble acorns. They are 2.5 cm long by 1 cm wide. They are yellow when mature. They have a sharp tip. The cup has 4 lobes and covers about a quarter of the length. The fruit are edible.
Leaves subcoriaceous, dark green, glossy, usually drying blackish, scattered on long shoots, but mostly crowded at ends of very short spur–shoots; lamina up to 6x2 (7 x 3·5) cm., oblanceolate to spathulate, apex rounded to subacute, base cuneate, margin plane; lower surface sparsely puberulous especially on the midrib; lateral nerves in c. 7–9 pairs, indistinct; tertiary nerves and veins indistinct on both surfaces; petiole c. 0·2 cm. long.
Bark on bole and branches dark grey, very thick, deeply fissured longitudinally and cracked transversely and looking like Crocodile skin, the fissures 1–2 cm. deep and 1–3 cm. apart; sometimes a multiple–stemmed shrub.
Male flowers in 2–12–flowered, rather lax cymes, borne below the leaves towards base of spur shoots, and in axils of fallen leaves on long shoots; peduncle c. 0·1 cm. long, pedicels very slender, up to 0·4 cm. long.
Stamens 0·4–0·5 cm. long, usually distinctly exserted, 9 or 12, inserted on corolla–tube, one opposite to and 2 alternating with each lobe; anthers 0·15–0·2 cm. long, lanceolate, not apiculate, densely setulose.
Female flowers subsessile, solitary or in fascicles of 2–5, at base of spur shoots and in leaf–axils and axils of fallen leaves on long shoots.
Ovary 0·3 x 0·25 cm, obovoid, glabrous; style 0–15 cm. long, stout, ending in a large, irregularly lobed fleshy stigma; locules 6, uniovulate.
Fruiting calyx c. 0·5 cm. long, the tube shorter than the lobes, much wider than the pedicel, lobes rounded or obtuse.
Staminodes 3, c. 0·3 cm. long, attached to corolla–tube and alternating with the lobes, minutely setulose at apex.
Calyx 0·15–0·2 cm. long, glabrous except for minute marginal setulae; lobes 3–4, deltate, 0·1–0·15 cm. long.
Corolla 0·6–0·8 cm. long, rotate, glabrous; tube c. 0·15 cm. long; lobes 3–4, ovate–deltate.
Calyx and corolla similar to male but up to 0·4 and 0·9 cm. long respectively.
Fruit up to 2 x 0·9 cm., glabrous, fusiform, style persistent.
Small deciduous tree up to 8 m. tall.
Seed 1, ellipsoid; endosperm smooth.
Pistillode minute, glabrous.
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Growth form tree
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Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
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Mature height (meter) 8.0 - 9.0
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Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in hot arid river valleys. In Zimbabwe it grows up to 900 m above sea level. It is often on termite mounds. It can grow in arid places.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are edible.
Uses food gene source material
Edible fruits
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Cultivation

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Distribution

Diospyros quiloensis world distribution map, present in Mozambique, Tanzania, United Republic of, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Diospyros quiloensis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322923-1
WFO ID wfo-0000649615
COL ID 6D8QP
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Maba quiloensis Diospyros quiloensis Ebenus quiloensis