Diospyros rotundifolia Hiern

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ebenaceae > Diospyros

Characteristics

Small tree, 4-9 m high, bark black with red slash, young parts puberulous; twigs fairly stout, rufous when young, glabrescent and ash grey when older. Leaves alternate, obovate rotund to obovate, 3.5-6 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, glossy above when young, thickly coriaceous, olive green to pale grey green, somewhat paler below; apex rounded to obtuse; base broadly cuneate to rounded; nerves usually finely raised above, less so or inconspicuous below; margins revolute and often tending to curl inwards even when fresh. Flowers dioecious, white, subsessile, solitary and axillary, glabrous or very sparsely hairy; bracts 2, caducous. Male flowers 8 mm long and as wide at the mouth, campanulate. Calyx more or less cup-shaped with a 4-5 lobed rim. Corolla shallowly campanulate; lobes 4-5, reflexed. Stamens 28-30, glabrous, irregularly arranged in 2 whorls, often in pairs or single; anthers lanceolate, about 2 mm long; filaments very short. Ovary rudimentary, reduced to a shortly hairy bump surrounded by the glabrous disc. Female flowers like the male flowers. Ovary glabrous, 8 locular, styles 4-5. Staminodes about 10. Fruit viscous when young, glabrous, apiculate, ovoid oblong, 2.5 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, very shortly pedicellate, red when ripe. Calyx strongly accrescent, crateriform, about 2 cm in diam., central part cup-shaped with a distinct rim; lobes often large and wing-like with the basal part decurrent on the tube, plicate, margin undulate. Seeds oblong, about 1.2 cm long and 4-6 mm wide.
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A small to medium-sized tree with wide-spreading branches, 2-9 m in height. Bark: dark brownish black; branchlets with reddish hairs when young, becoming grey. Leaves: spirally arranged, erect, obovate to almost circular, 2-6 x 2-6 cm, thickly leathery, glossy olive-green to grey-green above, paler green, hairless below, with about 5 pairs of indistinct lateral veins; apex rounded, often notched; base broadly tapering to square; margin entire, often rolled under; petiole up to 5 mm long. Flowers: creamy white, up to 8 x 8 mm, axillary, solitary (Oct./Nov.). Fruit: ovoid, fleshy, up to 2.5 x 1.5 cm, sticky when young, smooth, glossy red to purplish, persistent calyx forming a rimmed cup with 4 or 5 wing-like lobes up to 2.5 cm long, curling backwards to resemble a frill (Apr.-Sept.).
An erect evergreen shrub or tree. It grows 4-11 m high. The trunk and branches are angular. It forms branches low down and they are wide spreading. The bark is smooth and dark brown. The flowers are white. They are small and 8 mm long and bell shaped. They occur singly in the axils of the leaves. The fruit is an oval berry. It is sticky when young and red when ripe.
Leaves coriaceous, drying pale brown or greenish–brown; lamina 3 x 2·6–4·5 x 3·8 cm., suborbicular or orbicular, apex broadly rounded to subtruncate, margin recurved; lower surface glabrous; lateral nerves in c. 5 pairs, indistinct.
Calyx 0·9–1·2 cm. long, glabrous; tube cup–shaped, very thick and fleshy, contrasting with the wide, strongly venose, membranous marginal frill which forms (4) 5 plicate lobes alternating with (4) 5 decurrent sinuses.
Corolla 1·2–1·5 cm. long, hypocrateriform, widely open at the throat, glabrous; tube 0·6–0·8 x 0·4–0·5 cm., much shorter than the calyx; lobes (4) 5–6, 0·5–0·7 x 0·5–0·7 cm., spreading, suborbicular.
Corolla 0·9–1·3 cm. long, campanulate; tube much longer than the calyx, 0·6 x 0·4–0·7 x 0·5 cm., widely open at the throat; lobes 4–6, up to 0·6 x 0·45 cm., broadly Ungulate, spreading.
Fruiting calyx scarcely accrescent but becoming flattened and patelliform as the fruit matures, lobes c. 0·8 cm. long.
Female flowers solitary in leaf–axils and in axils of fallen leaves; pedicels c. 0·3 cm. long.
Male flowers solitary in leaf–axils and in axils of fallen leaves; pedicels 0·3–0·6 cm. long.
Evergreen shrub or rigidly branched tree with wide–spreading branches, 2–8 (11) m. tall.
Staminodes c. 15, c. 0·4 cm. long, attached to base of corolla–tube, glabrous.
Ovary 0·3 x 0·3 cm., glabrous; styles (4) 5, 0·275 cm. long; locules (8) 10.
Seeds 8 or 10 or fewer by abortion, 1–5 x 0–8 x 0–3 cm., very dark brown.
Stamens c. 30, 0·3–0·4 cm. long, glabrous; filaments c. 0·1 cm. long.
Calyx 0·3–0·5 cm. long, minutely puberulous outside.
Fruit c. 2·5 x 2·5 cm., glabrous, globose.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
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Mature height (meter) 4.0 - 11.0
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Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows on sands. It grows from sea level to 200 m altitude. It grows on dunes. It grows along coastal regions. It can grow in arid places.
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Usage

The fruit are eaten raw.
Uses food
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
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Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

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Images

Diospyros rotundifolia unspecified picture

Distribution

Diospyros rotundifolia world distribution map, present in Mozambique and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322952-1
WFO ID wfo-0000649655
COL ID 6D936
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Diospyros rotundifolia