Diospyros villosa (L.) De Winter

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ebenaceae > Diospyros

Characteristics

A scandent or erect, very hairy forest shrub 1.5-14 m high; branchlets patent, often at about right angles to the main stems, leafy and bearing the flowers at the apex. Leaves alternate; petioles 0.5-2 cm long, shortly tomentose; leaf-blade obovate-oblong to very broadly obovate-oblong, 1-13 cm long by 0.5-6 cm broad, subcoriaceous, fairly rigid, shortly tomentose above when young to glabrescent when mature, shaggy and densely tomentose to thinly tomentose and pallid to rufous below; nerves impressed above in mature leaves forming a finely wrinkled dark green surface, nerves strongly to moderately raised below, often distinctly reticulate; margins revolute; apex rounded, emarginate or shortly pointed; base cordate or rounded, occasionally a few leaves almost cuneate. Flowers dioecious, female or functionally male, pentamerous, yellow, fragrant, about 1 cm long, densely pubescent outside, solitary and axillary or 2-3-ftowered in small racemes, female slightly smaller than the male; peduncles 1-1.3 cm long; bracts sub-opposite, very variable in shape, from linear, oblanceolate or elliptic and with a distinct stalk to broadly ovate, variable in length, 4-8 mm long. Calyx 5-partite, or joined only at the very base, accrescent, 4-7 mm long in flower, segments lanceolate-ovate, densely tomentose outside. Corolla shortly tomentose outside except at the base, glabrous within, deeply 5-lobed; tube about 1/4 the length of the flower; lobes oblong 6-8 mm long, usually reflexed. Stamens 10, anthers bristly on the connectives and at the base, lanceolate, about 3.5 mm long, reduced to staminodes in female flowers. Ovary 8-10-celled, densely tomentose, slightly ribbed, gradually passing into the style; style short, densely hairy, branches 4-5, glabrous upwards. Fruit depressed globose-pentagonal, densely bristly-hispid with pallid or yellowish hairs, 2-3 cm in diam. and 1.5-2.5 cm long, often dehiscing from the top downwards into 5 rather woody valves; calyx accrescent, blackish or a dark reddish brown; lobes ovate, up to 3 cm long and 2 cm broad, clasping the fruits, chartaceous in texture. Seeds 3-8, dull brown, oblong in outline, circumvented by a thin line, endosperm flinty not ruminate.
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A shrub. It can be erect or lie along the ground. It grows 1-4 m high. It can be taller. The leaves are alternate. The leaves are papery and more pale underneath. The leaves are 7-13 cm long by 3-6 cm wide. The are rounded at both ends. There are about 5 pairs of side veins. The flowers are yellow. Male flowers can be in groups of 2-3. The female flowers are slightly smaller than the male flowers. The fruit are a flattened oval shape and 3 cm long by about 4 cm wide. They are hairy. There are 3-8 seeds that are 1.5 cm long and dull brown.
Scandent or erect, very hairy, forest shrub, 1-14 m high; branchlets patent, at ± right angles to stem, leafy, bearing flowers at apex. Leaves alternate, petioled, shortly tomentose, broadly obovate-oblong. Flowers female or functionally male; axillary or in 2-or 3-flowered pseudo-racemes, pentamerous, yellow, fragrant; stamens 10, reduced to staminodes in female flower; ovary densely tomentose, 8-10-celled. Flowering time July-May. Fruit globose-pentagonal, densely hispid. Seed 3-8.
Leaves chartaceous, drying dull brown above, much paler beneath; lamina 3 x 1·5–6·5 x 3·5 cm., obovate–oblong, apex usually broadly rounded and slightly emarginate, sometimes obtuse, base usually cordate to rounded; margin slightly revolute, lateral nerves in c. 5 pairs, together with the reticulate tertiary nerves and veins deeply impressed above and prominent beneath; lower surface sparsely to densely pubescent with long, slender, appressed or spreading hairs, rarely tomentose.
Male flowers solitary or in 2–3 flowered cymes, axillary, pentamerous; peduncle up to 1·5 cm. long; pedicel (including peduncle of solitary flowers) 0·5–2 cm. long; bracts 2, 0·4–0·8 cm. long, ovate to linear–oblanceolate, subopposite.
Fruiting calyx strongly accrescent, closely surrounding but not completely concealing the fruit except when young; lobes up to 3 x 2 cm., ovate, densely puberulous, with prominent longitudinal nerves.
Ovary 0·3 cm. long, ovoid–conoidal, 5·angled, densely strigose–tomentose, especially on the angles; locules 10, style short, densely pubescent, the 5 branches glabrous distally.
Corolla up to 1·2 cm. long, deeply divided; lobes oblong, reflexed, broadly acute at apex, tomentose outside except at the base and where overlapped in bud.
Pistillode conoidal, fulvous–tomentose; locules 10; common style short, stout, densely puberulous, the 5 branches long and glabrous distally.
Stamens 10,0·35–0·4 cm. long; filaments up to 0·05 cm. long, glabrous; anthers up to 0·35 cm. long, lanceolate, densely strigose–setose.
Calyx up to 0·7 cm. long, cleft almost to the base; lobes ovate–lanceolate, fulvous–tomentose, the margins often reduplicate.
Fruit up to 3 x 3·8 cm., depressed–globose, tardily dehiscent, densely hispid–tomentose with long, deciduous bristles.
Erect or scandent shrub 1–4 m high (elsewhere sometimes much taller) or a rhizomatous suffrutex c. 0·5 m. high.
Staminodes 10, 0·2 cm. long; filaments glabrous; antherodes densely strigose.
Seeds 3–8, up to 1·5 cm. long, dull brown, endosperm smooth.
Female flowers similar to the male but slightly smaller.
Disk indistinct.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
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Foliage retention
Sexuality dioecy
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Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 9.0
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Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows in dry soils. It grows between sea level to 300 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places.
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Usage

It is eaten but is not an attractive fruit.
Uses food medicinal
Edible fruits
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Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

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Distribution

Diospyros villosa world distribution map, present in Mozambique and South Africa

Conservation status

Diospyros villosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:323177-1
WFO ID wfo-0000649950
COL ID 6CWDL
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Royena corylifolia Royena scabra Royena villosa Royena scandens Diospyros villosa Diospyros villosa var. parvifolia Royena villosa var. parvifolia Diospyros villosa var. villosa