Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C.Jeffrey

Species

Angiosperms > Cucurbitales > Cucurbitaceae > Diplocyclos

Characteristics

Climber 2-7 m tall, perennial, old plants with tuberous rootstock, leafy stem 1.5-3 (-4) mm diam., glabrous except few hairs in young parts. Probract membranous or fleshy, obovate, 2-5 mm long, ± concave, wrinkled when dry. Tendrils 10(-20) cm long, branched at or below the middle. Leaves: petiole 2-7 cm long, sometimes towards apex with course stiff upward directed hairs; blade membranous, circular in outline, deeply (3-)5(-7) palmately lobed nearly to the base, 4-16 cm diam., glabrous, except for few hairs on veins on lower surface, glands small, usually a few close to the insertion of the petiole, cystoliths generally not apparent, lobes (narrowly) elliptic, to 11 cm long, margin ± dentate-undulate or entire, minutely dentate-mucronate. Inflorescences up to 10 male flowers of various stage of development, mostly accompanied by up to 5 female flowers, or a few female flowers without male flowers. Male flowers: pedicel 2-20 mm long; receptacle-tube 2-4 mm long and wide, glabrous; sepals linear, 0.5-1(-2) mm long; corolla 5-7(-9) mm long, tube c. 2 mm long, lobes ± ovate, 3-5 mm long, obtuse, apex ± mucronate; filaments inserted towards the throat of the receptacle-tube, (0.5-)1-1.5 mm long, glabrous or slightly hairy at base, anthers 2-3 mm diameter. Female flowers: pedicel 1-5 mm long; ovary ovoid, 4-5 by 2.5-3.5 mm, often whitish striped; corolla lobes c. 5 mm long; style 1.5(-2) mm long, style arms 1-2(-3) mm long, stigmas stout; staminodes 1(-3) mm long. Fruit 1-5 in a cluster at the nodes, ripening bright red with (usually) pure white bands or rows of white blotches, 1.5-2(-2.5) cm diam.; fruiting pedicel 0.1-0.5 cm long. Seeds c. 12 or less, grey or pale brown, obovoid, 5(-8) by 2.5-3 by c. 4 mm, narrowed to the base, faces much protruding, smooth, margin broad.
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Perennial climber to 6 m.; rootstock fleshy; young stems herbaceous, glabrous, becoming thickened and white-dotted on the ridges when older.. Leaf-blade broadly ovate-cordate in outline, glabrous except for a few forward-pointing aculei on the nerves beneath, gland-dotted just above the base, 38–140 mm. long, 40–148 mm. broad, palmately (3–)5(–7)-lobed; lobes linear-lanceolate to long-elliptic, usually distinctly narrowed below, entire or especially in the upper parts sinuate or subserrate with apiculate teeth, acuminate, obtuse to acute and apiculate; petiole 18–80 mm. long, armed with a few forward-curving fairly stout aculeate hairs.. Probracts spathulate, hooded, ± 3 mm. long.. Male flowers 2–8 in sessile clusters, intermixed with 0–4 ♀ flowers; pedicels 7–15 mm. long; receptacle-tube 2.5–4 mm. long; lobes subulate or filiform, 0.5–1.3 mm. long; corolla white, cream or pale or greenish yellow, with lobes 6–9 mm. long, 2.5–5 mm. broad, united below.. Female flowers 1–5, mixed with 0–8 ♂ flowers; pedicels 1–5 mm. long; ovary ellipsoid, 4.5–5 mm. long, 2.5–3.5 mm. across, deep green with longitudinal rows of white markings; receptacle-tube 1.5–2.5 mm. long, flared above; lobes subulate, 1 mm. long; corolla-lobes ± 5 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, united below.. Fruits solitary or in clusters of 2–5 on 1–5 mm. long stalks, bright scarlet with silver-white longitudinal stripes or lines of mottlings, subglobose or (but not in Africa) ovoid-ellipsoid, 16–22 mm. long, 14–24 mm. across.. Seeds 5 × 2.5–2.8 × 4 mm.
Perennial herb. Stems scandent to 6 m, glabrous. Leaf-lamina 4-14 x 4-15 cm, broadly ovate in outline, cordate, asperulous or ± scabrid-punctate above, setulose on veins beneath, otherwise glabrous, deeply palmately 5-lobed, lobes elliptic or narrowly elliptic, ± sinuate-serrate, denticulate, acuminate, obtuse to acute, apiculate, the central largest. Petiole 2-8 cm long, coarsely spiculate. Probracts c. 3 mm long, spathulate, male flowers 2-8, usually co-axillary with 1-4 female flowers; pedicels 5-15 mm long. Receptacle-tube c. 4 mm long, lobes up to 2 mm long, triangular-dentiform. Corolla white to greenish-yellow, the lobes 6-9 x 2.5-5 mm female flowers 1-5, usually co-axillary with up to 8 male flowers; pedicel 1-5 mm long; ovary 4-5 x 2-3.5 mm shortly ellipsoid. Fruits 1.5-2.5 x 1.5-2.5 cm, solitary or in clusters of 2-5, subglobose, bright red with silvery white longitudinal stripes or markings; fruit-stalks 1-5 mm long. Seeds 5-6 x 2.5-3 x 4-4.5 mm.
Perennial with thickened rootstock; stems to 6 m long, glabrous. Leaves cordate at base; lamina 3.5–13 cm long, 4–13.5 cm wide, 3–7-lobed; lobes lanceolate to elliptic, denticulate to sinuate-dentate, acuminate, glabrescent or scabrid. Male flowers in 2–8-flowered fascicles, often co-axillary with 1–4 female flowers; pedicels 5–20 mm long; hypanthium 2–4 mm long, glabrous; calyx-lobes subulate, 0.5–1 mm long; corolla-lobes ovate, 6–9 mm long, glabrous or pubescent, white or greenish; staminal filaments 1–1.5 mm long, papillose at base; disc absent. Female flowers in 1–5-flowered fascicles, often co-axillary with males; pedicels 1–5 mm long; perianth similar to male, sometimes smaller; staminodes 1 mm long; ovary ovoid, 3.5–4 mm long. Fruit in fascicles of 1–5, globose to ellipsoidal, 15–25 mm diam., glabrous, red, striped white. Seeds obovate, attenuate, 5–8 mm long, dark brown; faces thickened and pitted; margin broad.
Root tuberous. Stems slender, glabrous. Tendrils glabrous. Petiole 4-6 cm, slightly puberulent; leaf blade broadly ovate, 8-12 × 8-12 cm, membranous, palmately 5-lobed; middle lobe oblong-lanceolate, 8-10 × 2-3.5 cm, apex acuminate or obtuse; lateral lobes short, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, both surfaces subglabrous, sinus rounded. Male and female flowers usually fasciculate in same axil. Male flowers: pedicel slender, 5-15 mm; calyx tube ca. 2 × 5-6 mm; segments subulate, 0.5-1 mm; corolla green-yellow, ca. 7 mm in diam.; segments ovate, ca. 2 × 0.5-1 mm; stamens 3; filaments 1-1.5 mm; anthers ovoid, ca. 2 mm; anther cells reflexed. Female flowers: calyx and corolla as in male flowers; ovary ovoid, smooth. Fruit yellow-green to red, narrowly white striped, globose, indehiscent, 14-18 mm in diam., smooth. Seeds few, brown, ovate, ca. 5 × 3 mm. Fl. Mar-Aug, fr. Sep-Dec.
A herb. It is a pumpkin family plant. It is a slender climbing plant with angular stems. The stems are weak but the lower part can be somewhat woody. It can climb to 2-4 m high. The stems are angular and grooved. The rootstock is fleshy. The leaves have 3 or 5 lobes divided like fingers on a hand and are 10-15 cm wide by 6-17 cm long. There are fine teeth on the top edges of the leaves and the leaves are angular. The leaves are rough on top but smooth underneath. The leaf stalks are 3-9 cm long. The stem has tendrils which have 1 or 2 branches. Flowers are small and yellow or green. Male and female flowers are separate but often together near a leaf. Often one or two female flowers are surrounded by several male flowers. The fruit is 4 cm long and green with pale streaks along it. The leaves and stems give off a bad smell when damaged.
Leaf-lamina 4–14 × 4–15 cm., broadly ovate in outline, cordate, asperulous or ± scabrid-punctate above, setulose on veins beneath, otherwise glabrous, deeply palmately 5-lobed, lobes elliptic or narrowly elliptic, ± sinuate-serrate, denticulate, acuminate, obtuse to acute, apiculate, the central largest.
male flowers 2–8, usually co-axillary with 1–4 female flowers; pedicels 5–15 mm. long. Receptacle-tube c. 4 mm. long, lobes up to 2 mm. long, triangular-dentiform. Corolla white to greenish-yellow, the lobes 6–9 × 2·5–5 mm..
Fruits 1·5–2·5 × 1·5–2·5 cm., solitary or in clusters of 2–5, subglobose, bright red with silvery white longitudinal stripes or markings; fruit-stalks 1–5 mm. long.
Female flowers 1–5, usually co-axillary with up to 8 male flowers; pedicel 1–5 mm. long; ovary 4–5 × 2–3·5 mm. shortly ellipsoid.
Petiole 2–8 cm. long, coarsely spiculate.
Probracts c. 3 mm. long, spathulate.
Stems scandent to 6 m., glabrous.
Seeds 5–6 × 2·5–3 × 4–4·5 mm.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention -
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.5 - 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It occurs on the coast in Papua New Guinea and grows up to about 1000 m above sea level. It Africa it grows to 1,830 m above sea level. It needs a well drained soil and can grow in a sunny or partial shady position. The plant also grows in Africa, India, Malaysia, China and Australia. There are a couple of subspecies. It can grow in arid places.
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Rain, swamp or other ground-water forests; flood-plains; valley and seasonal swamp grasslands; old cultivations; at elevations from sea level up to 1,900 metres. Found in different types of vegetation, but usually in wet localities.
Light -
Soil humidity 7-9
Soil texture 3-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The leaves are eaten, cooked. CAUTION The fruit are claimed to be poisonous. It is considered to be poisonous in Australia, but is eaten in India and Nepal. It probably needs to be well cooked. The young fruits are occasionally cooked and eaten.
Uses environmental use food gene source material medicinal poison
Edible fruits leaves shoots
Therapeutic use Fever (fruit), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Arthralgia (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Inflammation (leaf), Bites and stings (root), Fatigue (root), Fever (root), Snake bites (root), Abortion, spontaneous (seed), Aphrodisiacs (seed), Fertility agents (seed), Fertility agents, female (seed), Fever (seed), Infertility (seed), Laxatives (seed), Liver diseases (seed), Pregnancy (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Vomiting (seed), Asthenia (unspecified), Bites and stings (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Pharyngitis (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Vomiting (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Diplocyclos palmatus leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Diplocyclos palmatus leaf picture by Rajendra Rajendra Choure (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Diplocyclos palmatus flower picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Diplocyclos palmatus fruit picture by Rajendra Rajendra Choure (cc-by-sa)
Diplocyclos palmatus fruit picture by Ian Shackle (cc-by-sa)
Diplocyclos palmatus fruit picture by Subrahmanya Bhat (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Diplocyclos palmatus world distribution map, present in Australia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:292565-1
WFO ID wfo-0000650181
COL ID 36K3M
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 673061
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Trichosanthes muelleri Bryonopsis erythrocarpa Bryonopsis pedata Zehneria erythrocarpa Bryonia palmata Bryonia pedata Bryonia variegata Coccinia palmata Bryonopsis laciniosa var. erythrocarpa Diplocyclos palmatus var. walkeri Bryonopsis laciniosa var. walkeri Diplocyclos palmatus

Lower taxons

Diplocyclos palmatus subsp. affinis Diplocyclos palmatus var. pedata