Dipterocarpus retusus Blume

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Dipterocarpaceae > Dipterocarpus

Characteristics

Trees, lofty, to 45 m tall. Bark gray or brown, shallowly flaky, not longitudinally fissured or only at base. Branchlets glabrous or persistently buff pubescent; leaf buds obtuse, stout, glabrous, setose, or woolly. Stipules green or red, lanceolate, to 15 cm, glabrous or pubescent outside (always stellate pubescent on young trees); petiole glabrous; leaf blade broadly ovate, 16-28 × 10-15 cm, leathery, abaxially sparsely or densely golden-buff stellate pubescent, adaxially initially white strigose, sometimes glabrescent, lateral veins 16-19 pairs conspicuously raised abaxially, base rounded or somewhat cordate, margin entire or sinuate-crenate in distal half, apex acute. Racemes axillary, 8-10 cm, 2-5-flowered. Calyx segments: 2 rather long and linear, 3 shorter and triangular. Petals reddish, sweetly scented, narrowly elliptic, 5-6 cm, with dense squamate hairs, margin slightly reflexed, apex obtuse. Stamens (25-)30; anthers linear to lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, sagittate at base, coherent; connective appendages aristate; filaments filiform, dilated at base. Ovary narrowly ovoid, sericeous-tomentose, 3-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; style finely terete, with long silky hairs on lower half. Nut ovoid, densely yellowish gray tomentellate; calyx tube to 3.5 cm in diam.; winglike calyx segments red, linear-lanceolate, to 19-23 × 3-4 cm, leathery, stellate-tomentellate, 3-5-veined, apex rounded. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Dec-Jan of following year.
More
Medium-sized tree. Twigs, panicles, flower calyx and corolla outside shortly densely buff puberulent or glabrous; petiole, leaf bud and ovary densely persistently pale orange-rufous silky tomentose or glabrous, stipule caducously so, becoming tufted glabrescent on expanding; leaf glabrescent. Twigs c. 8 mm ø apically, stout, becoming pale brown. Buds to 2.5 by 1 cm, ovoid-lanceolate, acute; stipule to 4 cm long, lanceolate, acute. Leaves 16-28 by 7-17 cm (to 50 by 70 cm in young trees), ± broadly elliptic-oblong, coriaceous, prominently plicate, drying dark chocolate-brown; nerves 16-19 pairs, prominent beneath, +-depressed above, ascending; tertiary nerves densely scalariform, very slender and hardly elevated beneath; petiole 2.5-7 cm long. Panicles to 10 cm long, unbranched, axillary. Flower bud to 3 by 1 cm, fusiform. Stamens 30, exceeding style at anthesis; filaments short, filiform; anthers long, linear, tapering; appendage acicular, slender, c. 1/2 length of anther. Ovary small, ovoid, densely pubescent as also the basal 2/3 of the stoutly columnar somewhat tapering style. Fruit pedicel to 3 by 4 mm, stout; calyx tube to 3.5 mm ø, subglobose, sparsely minutely pale lenticellate, smooth; 2 longer lobes to 25 by 4.5 cm, obtuse, prominently 3-nerved, tapering abruptly to c. 12 mm wide at base; 3 shorter lobes to 2 by 1.5 cm, prominent, ovate-elliptic, obtuse, subrevolute.
It is a ± branched tree 10–50 m. tall.. Leaves ovate to elliptic or oblong, ± 14–40 × 8–18 cm. (larger in juveniles), glabrous above, glabrous or fasciculate pubescent on the venation beneath; lateral nerves numerous, parallel, prominent beneath.. Long fruit-wings elongate-oblong, 10–25 × 2.2–4.5 cm.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 45.0 - 50.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Moist evergreen, sometimes semi-deciduous, montane forest. Moist evergreen mid-mountain forests, at elevations of 800-1,300 metres, descending to lower elevations in seasonal areas, and as low as 100 metres in Assam
More
Moist evergreen mid-mountain forests, at 800-1300 m in Malaya and W. Java but at lower altitudes in seasonal areas, and as low as 100 m at Lakhimpur, Assam and Lombok; locally common or semi-gregarious.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses charcoal fuel material medicinal timber wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use Hypotension (whole plant excluding root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Dipterocarpus retusus habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Dipterocarpus retusus world distribution map, present in China, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Dipterocarpus retusus threat status: Endangered

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320751-1
WFO ID wfo-0000651415
COL ID 36QWQ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Dipterocarpus macrocarpus Dipterocarpus mannii Dipterocarpus pubescens Dipterocarpus retusus Dipterocarpus spanoghei Dipterocarpus tonkinensis Dipterocarpus trinervis Dipterocarpus occidentoyunnanensis Dipterocarpus austroyunnanicus Dipterocarpus luchunensis Dipterocarpus retusus var. macrocarpus Dipterocarpus retusus subsp. tonkinensis Dipterocarpus retusus var. yingjiangensis Dipterocarpus retusus subsp. macrocarpus Dipterocarpus retusus var. retusus