Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter

Stinkwort (en), Inule fétide (fr), Inule à forte odeur (fr), Inule odorante (fr), Vergerette odorante (fr), Dittrichie fétide (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Dittrichia

Characteristics

Annual or perennial herbs. Stem not winged, without resin canals. Leaves alternate, sessile, lanceolate to linear, glandular, viscid, more or less revolute or flat, dentate, hairy. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, small, many together in rather dense terminal racemes. Receptacle epaleate, with scale-like ridges. Involucre cyathiform. Involucral bracts cartilaginous, glandular. Marginal florets female. Corolla yellow, radiate or miniradiate; epidermis not crested. Disc-florets perfect. Corolla yellow; epidermis with straight cell walls, without needle-like crystals; corolla-lobes short, smooth. Anthers ecalcarate, with branched tails; endothecial tissue polarized; cells of the filament collar longer than wide. Pollen spines with a cavity. Style with acute sweeping hairs, not reaching furcation, with star-shaped crystals. Cypselas ellipsoid, shorter than the corolla, hairy, apically somewhat constricted, glandular; epidermis with elongated crystals. Pappus of barbellate, capillary bristles in one row, basally connate and concrescent into a cupule.
More
Erect, strongly scented annual, up to c. 1 m tall. Stems moderately hairy and glandular, much-branched from base and above. Lower lvs moderately clothed in simple hairs and short glandular hairs, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic-oblong, apetiolate and cuneate, acute to acuminate, entire or remotely denticulate, 20-80 × 2-10 mm; uppermost lvs smaller, broader based and becoming ± linear and entire. Capitula solitary, 4-10 mm diam. Outer involucral bracts mostly herbaceous, 3-4 mm long; inner bracts mostly membranous, 5-7 mm long. Ray florets c. 8-10; ligules yellow, 1-3 mm long, not exceeding involucre. Disc yellow, often turning red on drying. Achenes hairy, glandular toward apex, obovoid and slightly angled, c. 2 mm long; pappus minutely barbellate.
Erect, viscid, aromatic annual, to 40 cm high. Leaves narrowly oblong-elliptic and remotely dentate, to linear and entire, to 4 cm long, glandular-puberulous and sparsely villous. Capitula in an open pyramidal panicle; involucre cylindrical, c. 6–8 mm long, subtended by short foliage leaves; outer bracts lanceolate, recurved, green, glandular and pilose; intermediate bracts narrowly oblong, apiculate, with green glandular stereome and broad scarious margins. Ray florets c. 6, uni-seriate; ligule c. 4 mm long, shortly exceeding bracts, yellow. Disc florets c. 12; corolla shortly 4-lobed, yellow or reddish with age; style branches short, narrowly oblong, obtuse. Achene narrowly obovoid, c. 2 mm long.
Plants viscid, rank smelling, 20-130 cm; stems ±pilose and stipitate-glandular. Leaf blades linear to lance-linear, 1-3(-7) cm x 1-3(-10) mm, margins entire or denticulate, apices acute, faces pilosulous to hirtellous and minutely stipitate-glandular. Phyllaries 1-8 mm. Ray florets (6-)10-12(-16); corolla laminae 2-5(-7) mm. Disc florets 9-14+; corollas 3-4 mm. Cypselae 1.5-2.0 mm; pappi 3-4(-5) mm.
A herb. It has a strong smell. It grows 20-130 cm tall. The leaves are narrow and 3-7 cm long by 1-3 mm wide. There can be teeth along the edge. They taper to the tip.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 1.0
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a Mediterranean climate plant.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-10

Usage

The leaves are used as a drink to preserve grapes.
Uses medicinal poison
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Anti-bacterial agents (aerial part), Antineoplastic agents (aerial part), Calculus (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Calculi (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Dittrichia graveolens habit picture by geneve perma (cc-by-sa)
Dittrichia graveolens habit picture by Prieta Javier (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Dittrichia graveolens leaf picture by Christophorus a Castalia (cc-by-sa)
Dittrichia graveolens leaf picture by rodriguez sandra (cc-by-sa)
Dittrichia graveolens leaf picture by Fabrizio Fabrizio Tatti (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Dittrichia graveolens flower picture by claire Felloni (cc-by-sa)
Dittrichia graveolens flower picture by Christophorus a Castalia (cc-by-sa)
Dittrichia graveolens flower picture by Christophorus a Castalia (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Dittrichia graveolens fruit picture by Christophorus a Castalia (cc-by-sa)
Dittrichia graveolens fruit picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)
Dittrichia graveolens fruit picture by Daniel Grixti-Cheng (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Dittrichia graveolens world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Switzerland, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Algeria, Spain, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, Croatia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Morocco, North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Tunisia, Turkey, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:201892-1
WFO ID wfo-0000003319
COL ID 36ZJ7
BDTFX ID 22722
INPN ID 95186
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Solidago graveolens Inula graveolens Inula quadridentata Inula brahuica Helenium graveolens Conyza graveolens Cupularia graveolens Erigeron graveolens Jacobaea graveolens Pulicaria graveolens Paniopsis graveolens Conyza minor Dittrichia graveolens