Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G.Lohmann

Dolichandre griffes-de-chat (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Bignoniaceae > Dolichandra

Characteristics

Liana to 6 cm in diameter, the bark dark, fibrous, irregularly striate; attached to supporting tree by adventitious rootlets; phloem of stem irregularly many-armed in cross section; dimorphic, the juvenile plant with small leaflets, 1-2 cm long and 4-8 mm wide, climbing straight up tree trunks, often rooting at nodes; branchlets terete, puberulous to glabrous, the nodes usually without interpetiolar glandular fields; pseudostipules ovate, longitudinally striate. Leaves 2-foliolate, often with a trifid uncate tendril especially when young; leaflets when young narrowly ovate to lanceolate, mucronate at tip, basally rounded, when mature narrowly ovate to ovate, acute to acuminate, cuneate to truncate, 5.0-16 cm long and 1.2-6.9 cm wide, membranaceous, scattered lepidote above and beneath, otherwise glabrous above and beneath, or sparsely puberulous especially along main veins or rarely densely puberulous over whole under surface, a few plate-shaped glands near midvein beneath, drying dark green or dark olive to almost black, the main veins drying reddish below; mature petiolules 0.8-3.5 cm long, petiole 1.1-6 cm long, glabrous or subpuberulous. Inflorescence an axillary panicle usually reduced to 1 or 3 flowers, rarely to 15 flowers, the branches more or less glabrous. Flowers with the calyx membranaceous, cupular with a sinuous margin, subtruncate, glabrous to slightly lepidote, often with scattered glands, 5-18 mm long and 8-18 mm wide; corolla yellow with ca 9 orange lines in the throat, tubular-campanulate, 4.5-10 cm long and 1.2-2.4 cm wide at mouth of tube, the tube 3.3-6.9 cm long, the lobes 1.2-3.1 cm long, glabrous outside, glabrous or slightly simple puberulous along throat ridges inside, pubescent with simple jointed trichomes at the level of stamen insertion; stamens didynamous, the anther thecae divaricate, 3 mm long, the filaments 1.2-2.4 cm long, the staminode 0.5-1.5 cm long, occasionally developed into fifth stamen, insertion 4-8 mm above base of corolla tube; pistil 2.8-3.8 cm long, the ovary linear, 6-7 mm long and 1.2 mm wide, minutely lepidote to subpuberulous, the ovules 4-seriate but appearing 2-seriate in most cross sections; disc annular, 1-1.5 mm long and 3-4 mm wide. Capsule elongate-linear, tapering at the ends, flattened, 26-95 cm long and 1.0-1.9 cm wide, the surface inconspicuously lepidote, drying blackish with small whitish lenticels, midrib not raised; seeds 1.0-1.8 cm long and 4.2-5.8 cm wide, the wings membranaceous, blunt-ended, mostly brown, the extreme tips irregularly hyaline, not sharply demarcated from seed body.
More
Vigorous woody climber, climbing by tripartite, hooked (uncinate) tendrils (resembling claws) and adventitious roots and tubers, glabrous. Leaves opposite, 3-foliate with the terminal leaflet modified into a 3-clawed tendril, each claw c. 10–15 mm long (tendrils absent from some leaves); leaflets usually 2 (rarely 1 or 5 in juveniles), with lamina ovate to oblong-elliptic, 2–7 cm long, 10–30 (–35) mm wide, glabrous, apex ± acuminate, margin entire to obscurely toothed; petiole 10–20 cm long; petiolules (1.5–) 5–15 mm long. Panicles axillary, sometimes reduced to 1 or 3 flowers. Flowers: calyx c. 10–15 (–20) mm long; corolla yellow often with darker or orangey lines in tube, 4–8 (–9) cm long, lobes to c. 2 cm long, ± white-ciliate margin. Stamens dimorphic, 2 long and 2 short and 1 staminode. Capsule linear, 15–47 cm long, 8–13 (–20) mm wide, leathery, ± smooth; seeds numerous, 20–40 × 9–12 mm (including wing), appearing 2-winged as membranous, ± hyaline wing wider at 2 ends.
A creeper. It has root tubers 3-4 cm across. The leaves have 2-3 leaflets.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Root system adventitious-root fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Invasive weed in disturbed rainforest, sclerophyll forest, woodland, scrub and gallery forest/riparian vegetation, roadsides, often in gullies and creekbanks.
More
It is a tropical plant.
Light 5-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

Cultivated as an ornamental that has become a garden escape weed.
More
The fattened roots and boiled or baked.
Uses environmental use material medicinal ornamental
Edible roots
Therapeutic use Oliguria (root), Antidote (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Manchineel (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Oliguria (unspecified), Antiabortifacient (unspecified), Pregnancy (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Sexually transmitted diseases (unspecified), Snake bites (unspecified), Trypanosomiasis (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Dolichandra unguis-cati habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Dolichandra unguis-cati habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Dolichandra unguis-cati habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Dolichandra unguis-cati leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Dolichandra unguis-cati leaf picture by Villena Rojas Marcelo (cc-by-sa)
Dolichandra unguis-cati leaf picture by Villena Rojas Marcelo (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Dolichandra unguis-cati flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Dolichandra unguis-cati flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Dolichandra unguis-cati flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Dolichandra unguis-cati fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Dolichandra unguis-cati fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Dolichandra unguis-cati fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Dolichandra unguis-cati world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Pakistan, Panama, Thailand, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77100466-1
WFO ID wfo-0000782438
COL ID 99JFB
BDTFX ID 121134
INPN ID 788845
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Microbignonia auristellae Bignonia acutistipula Bignonia pseudounguis Bignonia vespertilia Doxantha praesignis Doxantha tenuicula Macfadyena unguis-cati Batocydia unguis Batocydia exoleta Bignonia catharinensis Bignonia rodigasiana Bignonia triantha Bignonia tweedieana Bignonia unguis-cati Macfadyena undulata Doxantha acutistipula Doxantha torquata Doxantha tweedieana Doxantha serrulata Doxantha dasyonyx Doxantha exoleta Spathodea kohautiana Bignonia californica Bignonia unguis Doxantha mexicana Doxantha radicans Doxantha unguis-cati Bignonia exoleta Bignonia gracilis Bignonia inflata Bignonia lanuginosa Batocydia unguis-cati Bignonia unguis Doxantha unguis var. microphylla Doxantha unguis-cati var. dasyonyx Doxantha unguis-cati var. exoleta Bignonia unguis-cati var. radicans Bignonia unguis var. gracilis Bignonia unguis-cati var. guatemalensis Bignonia unguiscati var. serrata Doxantha unguis-cati var. microphylla Doxantha adunca Doxantha chelephora Doxantha lanuginosa Dolichandra kohautiana Bignonia unguis-cati var. exoleta Bignonia dasyonyx Bignonia unguis var. guatemalensis Dolichandra unguis-cati