Dolichos trilobus L.

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Dolichos

Characteristics

Perennial climbing herb 0·5–1 m. long from a woody rootstock.. Stems ± adpressed puberulous or pubescent or with spreading hairs.. Leaflets 3, often with a lighter green zoning down the middle, almost round, broadly ovate-rhomboid or ovate to lanceolate, the laterals often oblique, 1·5–9 cm. long, 0·2–9 cm. wide, rounded to acuminate at the apex, rounded at the base, sometimes slightly to distinctly 3-lobed, densely to sparsely pubescent or glabrescent on both surfaces; petiole 1·3–7 cm. long; rhachis 0·3–1·4 cm. long; petiolules 1·5 mm. long; stipules persistent, often reflexed, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, 3–4 mm. long, mostly acute, not very markedly 5–7-nerved.. Inflorescences axillary, 2–3-flowered; peduncle 0·5–4·3 cm. long; pedicels 4–6 mm. long; bracts filiform, 4–10 mm. long; bracteoles persistent, ovate-lanceolate, 1–1·5(–2) mm. long, 1–3-nerved.. Calyx sparsely pubescent; tube 2–3·5 mm. long; lobes triangular, 1–3 mm. long, the upper pair joined to form a ± emarginate lip.. Standard reddish-mauve or pinkish, often with darker flushing or veining, sometimes greenish outside, almost round, 0·9–1·2(–1·5) cm. long, 0·9–1·15 cm. wide, emarginate at the apex; wings deep pinkish-purple; keel paler or whitish.. Style 5 mm. long.. Pods oblong, curved, 2·5–9·5 cm. long, 6–11·5 mm. wide, compressed, glabrous or with minute dot-like hairs.. Seeds brown or reddish-brown with black speckling and mottling, oblong-reniform, compressed, longest dimension 4–5 mm., shorter dimension 2·8–3·2 mm., 1·6 mm. thick; rim-aril scarcely developed.
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Scrambling herb, sometimes prostrate. Stems twining, up to 1 m long, not striate-ribbed. Leaflets slightly or distinctly 3-lobed, 15-90 x 20-90 mm, mucrons absent, sparsely covered with silky white hairs on both sides; petiole 11-70 mm long; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 3-10 mm long. Flowers in leaf axils, peduncles shorter than the petiole, without warts, 15-45 mm long, with 2 or 3 flowers; flowers 10-15 mm long; bracts filiform, 4-10 mm long; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 mm long. Calyx sparingly pubescent, with equal lips, upper lip 36 mm long, lower lip 3-7 mm long, carinal lobe length equal to lateral ones. Corolla pinkish-red; standard broadly obovate, 8-12(-15) x 9-12 mm, claw 1-3 mm long; wings obovate, deep purplish pink, 10-15 x 5-8 mm, claw 2-3 mm long; keel shorter than wings, paler or white, 10-12 x 3-5 mm, claw 23 mm long. Ovary linear-oblong, 6 to 8-ovuled, 5-8 mm long. Fruit straight or crescent-shaped, 25-95 x 6-12 mm, glabrescent, not warty along the margins, 4 to 6(-8)-seeded. Seeds brown or reddish-brown speckled black, reniform.
Twining herbs. Stems slender, glabrous or subglabrous. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; stipules ovate, ca. 3 mm, veins conspicuous; petiole 2-3 cm; stipels linear; leaflets rhombic or ovate-rhombic, 2-6 × 2-4.5 cm, glabrous or almost so on both surfaces, base broad and obtuse, apex acute or acuminate. Ra­cemes axillary, slender, 1-4-flowered; peduncles equal to or longer than petiole. Bracts and bracteoles with conspicuous veins. Calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 3 mm, glabrous; teeth triangular. Corolla white, 10-20 mm; standard orbicular, base with 2 triangular appendages, without auricles; wings obovate, slightly longer than standard; keel base truncate, clawed. Ovary sessile. Legumes linear-oblong, ca. 6 × 0.8 cm, slightly curved, compressed. Seeds 6 or 7. Fl. Oct-Mar.
Perennial, climbing herb from a woody rootstock, 0.5-1.0 m high; stems ± appressed puberulous or with spreading hairs. Leaflets often with light middle vein, widely ovate-rhomboid to lanceolate, laterals often oblique, 15-90 mm long, rounded to acuminate at apex, rounded at base, ± pubescent or glabrescent on both surfaces. Inflorescences axillary, 2-or 3-flowered; peduncles 5-43 mm long. Calyx sparsely pubescent; tube 2.0-3.5 mm long; lobes triangular, short. Petals: standard red-brown or pink to greenish, often darker veined; wings deep purple or pink; keel whitish. Style flattened; stigma minute, terminal, penicillate. Pod oblong curved.
Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; leaflets 1.5–9 × 2–9 cm, broadly ovate-rhombic or ovate, sometimes slightly to distinctly 3-lobed, rounded to acuminate at the apex, rounded at the base, occasionally paler around the midvein, densely to sparsely pubescent or glabrescent on both surfaces, 3-veined from the base; petiole 1.1–7 cm long; rhachis 2–14 mm long; petiolules 1–5 mm long; stipules 3–10 mm long, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, mostly acute, 5–7-striate, erect or reflexed, persistent; stipels minute.
A bean plant. It is a twining herb. It keeps growing from year to year from root tubers. The leaves are compound with 3 leaflets. The leaf stalks are 2-3 cm long. The leaflets are 4 sided and 2-6 cm long by 2-5 cm wide. The flowering shoots are in the axils of leaves and there are 1-4 flowers in a group. The fruit is a pod 6 cm long by 8 mm wide. It is slightly curved. There are 6-7 seeds.
Flowers axillary, pedunculate or in 2–3-flowered fascicles; peduncle 0.5–4.3 cm long or absent; pedicels 4–6 mm long; bracts 4–10 mm long, filiform; bracteoles 1–1.5(2) mm long, ovate-lanceolate, 1–3-striate, persistent.
Standard reddish-mauve, purplish-blue, or pinkish, often with darker flushing or veining, sometimes greenish outside; wings deep pinkish-purple, 8–12(15) × 9–12(15) mm, almost round; keel paler.
Calyx sparsely pubescent; tube 2–4 mm long; lower lateral lobes 1–3 mm long, triangular, lower central lobe 2–6 mm long, triangular or subulate, upper pair fused for almost all of their length.
Scrambling herb, sometimes prostrate, creeping and rooting at the nodes, 0.50–3 m long, arising from a perennial woody rootstock.
Ovary 5–8 mm long, linear-oblong, compressed; style 3–6 mm long; stigma minute, terminal, capitate, penicillate.
Pods 2.5–9.5 cm × 6–12 mm, oblong, falcate, glabrous or minute puberulent on the surfaces, 4–7-seeded.
Seeds brown or reddish-brown speckled black, 2–8 × 3–2 × 1–6 mm, reniform, compressed; aril minute.
Stems annual, slender, puberulent or pubescent.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.75 - 1.0
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Grassland, bushland and forest, sometimes in rocky places in evergreen forest, at elevations from sea level to 1,200 metres. In grassland, open woodland and at forest fringes, on stony and sandy soils.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in grassland and bushland. It grows from sea level to 1,200 m above sea level in Tanzania.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-7
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The seeds are edible. They are collected and cooked while fresh or after being dried in the sun.
Uses animal food cover plant environmental use fibre fodder food medicinal pasture shade
Edible roots seeds tubers
Therapeutic use Constipation (root), Endophthalmitis (root), Exanthema (root), Hemorrhoids (root), Scabies (root), Skin diseases (root), Urticaria (root), Antirheumatic agents (seed)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from fresh seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Dolichos trilobus world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, China, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Philippines, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Togo, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:493282-1
WFO ID wfo-0000180154
COL ID 37773
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Dolichos trilobus Dolichos kosyunensis Dolichos falcatus Dolichos schliebenii Vigna tenuis Dolichos falcata Dolichos cristatus Dolichos andongensis Dolichos formosoides Dolichos andorgensis Dolichos debilis Dolichos tuberosus Dolichos trilobus subsp. trilobus Dolichos trilobus var. kosyunensis

Lower taxons

Dolichos trilobus subsp. transvaalicus Dolichos trilobus subsp. occidentalis Dolichos trilobus var. richardsiae