Dovyalis abyssinica (A.Rich.) Warb.

Koshum (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Salicaceae > Dovyalis

Characteristics

Shrub or tree, much branched, up to 8 m. tall; trunk up to 20 cm. across, with pale greyish-brownish bark.. Branchlets sometimes with rather slender axillary spines 0.5–1.5(rarely –2.5) cm. long.. Leaf-blades ovate-oblong or-elliptic, apex gradually obtusely attenuate, or sometimes rounded, base broadly attenuate to obtuse, thinly to more firmly chartaceous, sparsely and very shortly pubescent on the nerves beneath, glabrescent, entire to repand-crenate or subserrate, (3–)4–9 cm. long, 2–3.5(–4.5) cm. broad; lateral nerves 4–5(–7) curved-ascending pairs, slightly raised beneath, reddish in fresh specimens, no proper reticulation; petiole 2–4(–5) mm. long.. Male flowers 1–3 in a fascicle in generally already defoliate axils, rusty-puberulous or tomentellous all over; pedicels 5–8(–13) mm. long.. Calyx-lobes (4–)5(rarely 8), subovate-oblong, subacuminate, 5–6 mm. long, 2–3 mm. broad.. Stamens 40–60.. Interstaminal glands hairy apically.. Female flowers solitary or rarely in pairs in defoliate axils; pedicels stoutish, 6–8 mm. long.. Calyx-lobes similar to, though slightly larger than those in the male flowers.. Disk annular, crenulate, finely hairy.. Ovary rusty-puberulous to-velutinous; styles 4–5(rarely 6).. Fruit globular, yellowish-reddish with minute paler dots, papillose-puberulous or glabrescent towards maturity, ± 2 cm. across.. Seeds few, appressed hairy.. Fig. 21/1–9.
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A medium sized shrub. It grows up to 10 m tall. It has many branches. The trunk is up to 20 cm thick. Young branches can have spines. The bark is grey brown. There are many raised lenticels. The leaves are oval and slender. They are 2.5-9 cm long by 2-5 cm wide. The edges of the leaves can be wavy or jagged. Plants are separately male and female. Flowers are green. Male flowers are covered in soft hairs. They are in clusters in the axils of leaves. Female flowers occur singly. The fruit are small and orange. They are round and have pale dots. They are up to 2 cm across. The flesh is yellow. They are very acid and have a strong smell. The seeds are few and flat.
A natural hybrid between Diospyros abyssinica x Dovyalis hebecarpa. A large spreading shrub. It grows 7 m high. The branches are long and drooping. It has few thorns. The leaves are deep green and densely grouped together. They are 7.5-10 cm long. The flowers are greenish-yellow. They are small and have no petals. The male flowers have long yellow stamens. The fruit are round and 3 cm across. The flesh is yellow-orange to deep red.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.6
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to NE Africa. Plants grow between 1000 and 3000 m altitude in Ethiopia and between 2000 and 2700 m altitude in Kenya. A rainfall between 1000 and 1700 mm is probably suitable. It suits hot dry climates. It grows poorly on limestone soils.
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Highland forest over 1,800 metres. Rain-forest to riparian forest and scrub; dry evergreen forest; sometimes in open wooded grassland; semi-evergreen or deciduous bushland; rocky limestone slopes; at elevations from 600-3,050 metres.
A tropical and subtropical plant. It grows best in full sun. It will grow near seasides. It can be damaged by strong frosts. They can grow on a range of soils with a range of pH values.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The ripe fruit is eaten fresh and used in jam. It is also used for jelly and fruit punch.
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Fruit can be eaten fresh. They are also used for jellies, jams, pies and drinks.
Uses animal food environmental use food fuel gene source invertebrate food material medicinal social use wood
Edible fruits roots stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants grown from seed are very variable. Plants can be grown from hardwood cuttings and should be treated with rooting hormones. Plants can be grown by air-layering.
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It can be grown by seed or cuttings. Fruit are normally picked from the tree. Fruits do not store well and bruise easily.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Dovyalis abyssinica leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Dovyalis abyssinica leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Dovyalis abyssinica leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Dovyalis abyssinica flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Dovyalis abyssinica fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Dovyalis abyssinica fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Dovyalis abyssinica world distribution map, present in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, and Zambia

Conservation status

Dovyalis abyssinica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:111558-1
WFO ID wfo-0000925138
COL ID 6DK4J
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Aberia abyssinica Dovyalis abyssinica Dovyalis engleri Flacourtia obtusa Flacourtia obtusata Hydnocarpus obtusa Rumea abyssinica Hydnocarpus obtusus