Dovyalis rhamnoides (burch. ex Dc.) Burch. ex Harv. & Sond.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Salicaceae > Dovyalis

Characteristics

Tree or shrub up to 5 m tall, dioecious, armed with spines up to 6.2 cm long; bark white to brown with shallow longitudinal ridges and fissures, young twigs and spines pubescent. Leaves alternate; blade thin and somewhat membranous, ovate to elliptic-ovate, 2-4.5 cm long, 1-2.5 cm broad, glabrous or sometimes puberulous especially on the veins, veins prominent on both surfaces, 3-5-veined from the base, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate to cordate or sometimes cuneate, margin entire to crenate; petiole 2-3 mm long, glabrous or puberulous. Male flowers light green, in fascicles of 3-6; calyx 4-5-lobed, lobes 2-3 mm long, ovate, pubescent; stamens 15, filaments 1.5 mm long; nectaries hairy. Female flowers light green, solitary or in fascicles of 2 or 3; pedicels 2-3 mm long; calyx deeply 5-lobed, lobes 1-5 mm long, linear, acuminate, erect, puberulous and usually fringed with stipitate glands; disc hairy; ovary 2-lobed, unilocular, with 2 much-reduced placentas, each placenta with 1 ovule; styles 2. Fruit ellipsoid to ovoid, 1 cm in diam., glabrous, orange to scarlet red when ripe. Seeds 2-3, 9 mm long, slightly woolly.
More
A rigid spiny shrub. It can be a tree to 5 m tall. It is slender and spreading. The trunk can be 22 cm across. The branches can often have straight spines 2.5-8 cm long. The twigs and spines are usually slender. The leaves are simple and alternate. They are soft and thin. The leaves are 1.3-2.5 cm long by 1.3-1.9 cm wide. They can be heart-shaped or oval. The male and female flowers occur on separate trees. The flowers are small and cream or green. The male flowers occur in small clusters in the axils of leaves and the female flowers are single and on short stalks. The fruit is an oval berry. It is fleshy and 1.3 cm across. It becomes bright red. The fruit are edible.
Tree or shrub, 0.6-6.1 m high, dioecious, armed with spines. Leaves alternate, petiolate; ovate to elliptic-ovate, blade thin and membranous, 3-5-veined from base, margins entire to crenate. Male flowers in fascicles of 3-6, pedicellate; calyx 4-or 5-lobed; corolla absent; stamens 15. Female flowers solitary or in fascicles of 2 or 3, pedicellate; calyx 5-lobed, lobes fringed with stipitate glands; corolla absent; styles 2; ovary unilocular, 2 reduced placentas, each with 1 ovule. Flowering time July-Nov. Fruit ellipsoid to ovoid berry, glabrous, orange to scarlet-red.
Like D. rotundifolia but leaves thinner in texture, narrower and usually truncate or cordate at base, sepals in fruits fringed with stalked glands and seeds hairy.
Life form -
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.8 - 5.55
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows from sea level to 1370 m in South Africa. It occurs in forested areas near the coast as well as inland in mountain evergreen forest. In Brisbane Botanical Gardens.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The fruit make good jelly and preserves. They are also used for wine.
Uses food gene source material medicinal
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are easily grown from seed. Seedlings transplant easily.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Dovyalis rhamnoides unspecified picture

Distribution

Dovyalis rhamnoides world distribution map, present in South Africa

Conservation status

Dovyalis rhamnoides threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:111572-1
WFO ID wfo-0000925165
COL ID 37HNN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Dovyalis zizyphoides Flacourtia rhamnoides Dovyalis rhamnoides