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Dryopteris expansa (C.Presl) Fraser-jenk. & Jermy

Spreading woodfern (en), Dryoptéris élargi (fr), Dryoptéride étalée (fr), Dryoptéris étalé (fr)

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Dryopteridaceae > Dryopteridoideae > Dryopteris

Characteristics

Plants 40-100 cm tall. Rhizome obliquely ascending or creeping, short, stout. Fronds caespitose; stipe densely scaly; scales pale brown to castaneous with a pale brown margin, glossy, ovate to broadly lanceolate, ca. 1.5 cm, membranous, apex acute; lamina longer than stipe, oblong, ovate-oblong, or subdeltoid, 25-50 × 12-35 cm, bipinnate-pinnatisect, base not narrowed, apex acuminate; pinnae 6-11 pairs, opposite or subopposite, basal pinnae largest, obliquely deltoid, shortly stalked, basiscopic pinnules distinctly longer than acroscopic ones, remaining pinnae oblong-lanceolate, rarely oblong-ovate, shortly stalked, apex acuminate; pinnules oblong, shortly stalked, apex acute; segments oblong, 2-4 mm wide, apex with aristate teeth. Lamina herbaceous, glabrous; veins pinnate, not forked, 3 or 4 pairs on each segment. Sori on upper part of veinlets; indusia orbicular-reniform, entire or slightly incised.
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Leaves monomorphic, tardily dying back in winter, to 90 × 30 cm. Petiole 1/3 length of leaf, scaly at least at base; scales scattered, brown with dark brown stripe. Blade green, deltate-ovate, 3-pinnate-pinnatifid, herbaceous, usually not glandular, occasionally finely and densely glandular. Pinnae ± in plane of blade, lanceolate-oblong; basal pinnae deltate, slightly reduced, basal pinnules equal to or longer than adjacent pinnules, basal basiscopic pinnule longer than basal acroscopic pinnule; pinnule margins serrate. Sori midway between midvein and margin of segments. Indusia lacking glands or sparsely glandular. 2 n = 82.
Much like no. 10 [Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson]; rhizome often more ascending or suberect; lvs more upright, the petiole half to fully as long as the blade; scales with a dark center; 2n=82. Moist woods and rocky slopes; interruptedly circumboreal, in Amer. s. to Que., s. Ont., n. Mich., nw. Minn., and Calif. (D. dilatata)
A fern. It has stout erect rhizomes. The fronds are erect and delicate. They are 30-40 cm high.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination hydrogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.4
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in cool, moist woods. In north China it grows between 700-1,800 m above sea level.
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Cool moist woods, often on rotting logs and tree stumps.
Light 3-6
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-6

Usage

The rootstock is cooked and eaten. It is often cooked in a pit. The fiddleheads are eaten in spring.
Uses medicinal
Edible fronds leaves rhizomes roots shoots
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (leaf), Dermatological Aid (root)
Human toxicity strong toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Dryopteris expansa habit picture by Ryan Fogerty (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Dryopteris expansa leaf picture by iserte jose (cc-by-sa)
Dryopteris expansa leaf picture by Amadou Sarr (cc-by-sa)
Dryopteris expansa leaf picture by ALAIN BIEVELEZ (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Dryopteris expansa fruit picture by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Dryopteris expansa world distribution map, present in Andorra, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, Estonia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Greenland, Croatia, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Latvia, Montenegro, Mongolia, Norway, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:84669-2
WFO ID wfo-0001107301
COL ID 37WDW
BDTFX ID 23260
INPN ID 95566
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Dryopteris minimisora Lastrea expansa Dryopteris assimilis Nephrodium expansum Dryopteris morrisonensis Dryopteris siranensis Dryopteris dilatata subsp. americana Dryopteris spinulosa subsp. assimilis Dryopteris austriaca subsp. assimilis Dryopteris carthusiana subsp. assimilis Dryopteris expansa subsp. assimilis Dryopteris spinulosa var. morrisonensis Aspidium spinulosum var. oblongum Dryopteris expansa

Lower taxons

Dryopteris expansa var. willeana Dryopteris expansa var. alpina
WorldFloraDB 2024