Duranta erecta L.

Golden dewdrops (en), Vanillier de Cayenne (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Verbenaceae > Duranta

Characteristics

Spreading, drooping, trailing or subscandent often thorny shrub or small tree, 1.8–6 m. tall; bark pale; young snoots adpressed pubescent.. Leaves opposite or verticillate; blades ovate, obovate, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–8 cm. long, 1–4.5 cm. wide, obtuse to acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, the margins entire, serrate or crenate above the middle, glabrous or finely adpressed pubescent; petioles 0.5–1.2 cm. long, usually adpressed pubescent.. Racemes ± lax, 3–16 cm. long, often in very lax panicles; pedicels 1–5 mm. long.. Calyx 3–4(–6) mm. long, pubescent inside and out.. Corolla lilac, lavender-blue or white; tube 7 mm. long; limb spreading, 0.7–1.3 cm. wide.. Style shorter than corolla-tube; stigma capitate.. Fruit orange-yellow and shining, globose, 0.5–1.1 cm. diameter, the persistent calyx shrunk over it and produced as a curved beak; pyrenes 3.5–5.5 mm. long, 2.5–3.5 mm. wide.. Seeds cuneiform, white, shining, 2.5–3 mm. long, 1–1.5 mm. wide.. Fig. 7.
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Shrub up to 7 m high. Leaves shortly petiolate; petiole (1–) 3–10 (–15) mm long; lamina elliptic-obovate, (15–) 20–75 (–90) mm long, 15–60 mm wide, coarsely serrate above the middle. Inflorescence 100–300 mm long. Flowers fragrant; bracts 1–4 mm long; pedicel 1–5 mm long; calyx 3–7 mm long, canescent outside, glabrous inside; corolla mauve, light bluish purple, glandular in throat, tube 6–10 mm long, the lobes elliptic-oblong or almost orbicular, 3–5 mm long, 2.5–3.5 mm wide; stamens inserted above the middle of the corolla tube; ovary c. 1 mm diam., glabrous; style 2–3 mm long. Fruit orange-yellow, subglobose, glabrous (5–) 7–10 (–14) mm diam.
Shrubs, often climbing. Branches spiny, pubescent when young. Petiole ca. 1 cm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, 2-6.5 X 1.5-3.5 cm, papery, base cuneate, margin entire to distally crenate, veins 6 pairs. Calyx pubescent on both surfaces. Corolla tube ca. 7 mm. Stamens included. Ovary glabrous. Drupes ca. 5 mm in diam., shorter than calyx, shiny, glabrous. Fl. and fr. May-Oct. 2n = 36.
Leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate; lamina 1.5–7(8) × 1–3(4) cm, ovate, obovate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, acute or obtuse at the apex, cuneate or rounded at the base, entire or serrate on the margins above the middle, glabrous or finely appressed pubescent on both surfaces more densely so on the nerves; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm long, slender, appressed-pubescent.
A shrub or small tree. It is spreading or trailing. It can be evergreen or lose its leaves during the year. It grows 3-6 m tall. It can be spiny or not. The bark is dark brown. The leaves are 2.5-10 cm long by 1-5 cm wide. The flowers are white or purple. The fruit are 6-11 mm across. The fruit are produced in large numbers and are orange. They are poisonous.
Corolla lilac to violet-blue or sometimes white; tube longer than the calyx, curved, puberulous outside more densely so in the upper part, glandular-pubescent within; limb spreading, 7–9 mm in diameter, glandular-pubescent on the upper surface, densely puberulous beneath, lobes 3–5 × 2.5–3.5 mm, oblong to orbicular, densely puberulous.
Racemes many-flowered, 3–16 cm long, single or in lax panicles, the terminal raceme longer than the lateral ones; pedicels 1–5 mm long, alternate, opposite or subopposite; bracts and bracteoles 1.5–2 mm and 1 mm long respectively, linear, those of the lower flowers usually larger and leaf-like.
Spreading, drooping, trailing or subscandent often thorny shrub or small tree up to 6 m high; branchlets slender, 4-angular or terete, young shoots appressed pubescent; spines paired, 0.8–2.7 cm long, axillary or inserted just above the axils, spreading, straight or slightly curved, very sharp.
Small tree or shrub, up to 7 m high. Branchlets glabrate, often drooping, spiny. Leaf blades glabrate beneath, mostly thin-textured, 15-50 mm long. Fruit a drupe, yellow or orange-yellow, enclosed by fruiting calyx. Flowers blue, lilac, violet or light violet-blue, purple.
Fruit yellow to orange-coloured, shiny, 6–11 mm in diameter, globose or obpyriform, completely enveloped by the accrescent calyx the apical part of which forms a curved beak; pyrenes 3.5–5.5 × 2.5–3.5 mm.
Calyx tube 3–4 mm long, ± sparsely appressed-puberulous; teeth up to 1 mm long, triangular with midrib produced as a mucro.
Seeds 2.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm, cuneiform, white, smooth.
Filaments glandular-pubescent, c. 1.25 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 5.0 - 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry to moist disturbed areas. Common along roadsides and in thickets; at elevations from 150-1,650 metres. In thickets, secondary forest, hedges, along roadsides, at elevations from 500-2,600 metres in Guatemala.
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It is a tropical plant. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level. It grows in termite mounds between 50-2,000 m above sea level in Africa.
Grows on riverbanks in gravely, sandy soil; also recorded along roadsides and with scrubby vegetation in a grazing paddock.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 1-2
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

Caution: The fruit, if eaten obviously need processing. The flowers are eaten.
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Widely cultivated in Australia as a hedge or ornamental plant.
Uses environmental use material medicinal ornamental poison
Edible flowers fruits
Therapeutic use Insecticides (fruit), Mosquito control (fruit), Antifungal agents (leaf), Inflammation (leaf), Pain (leaf), Detergent (unspecified), Fatality (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Larvicide (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Anti-poisoning (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown by seed or cuttings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Duranta erecta habit picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)
Duranta erecta habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Duranta erecta habit picture by William Gustave (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Duranta erecta leaf picture by Miguel palacio palacio (cc-by-sa)
Duranta erecta leaf picture by Edivanice Alves (cc-by-sa)
Duranta erecta leaf picture by Ramos Enrique (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Duranta erecta flower picture by Cardoso Francicleiton (cc-by-sa)
Duranta erecta flower picture by Antonele Marcia (cc-by-sa)
Duranta erecta flower picture by Pahaadi. Bheji (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Duranta erecta fruit picture by kathryn (cc-by-sa)
Duranta erecta fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Duranta erecta fruit picture by Klisman Eduardo (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Duranta erecta world distribution map, present in Angola, Andorra, Australia, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Central African Republic, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Norfolk Island, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Sudan, Suriname, Chad, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Uganda, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Duranta erecta threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330606-2
WFO ID wfo-0000946828
COL ID 383PC
BDTFX ID 118580
INPN ID 448497
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Duranta repens f. obtusifolia Duranta repens f. variegata Duranta angustifolia Duranta inermis Duranta integrifolia Duranta plumieri Duranta racemosa Duranta repens Duranta turbinata Duranta xalapensis Ellisia acuta Duranta plumieri f. variegata Duranta latifolia Duranta macrodonta Duranta spinosa Duranta repens f. glabrifolia Duranta dentata Duranta ellisiae Duranta microphylla Duranta repens f. acuminata Duranta repens f. alba Duranta repens f. canescens Duranta repens f. grandiflora Duranta repens f. integrifolia Duranta repens f. microphylla Duranta parviflora Duranta microphylla Duranta baumgartenii Duranta erecta var. alba Duranta plumieri var. glabra Duranta repens var. multidentata Duranta erecta var. grandiflora Duranta plumieri var. alba Duranta plumieri var. strigillosa Duranta repens var. canescens Duranta repens var. ellisiae Duranta repens var. grandiflora Duranta repens var. lopez-palacii Duranta repens var. microphylla Duranta repens var. mutisii Duranta repens var. paucidentata Duranta repens var. serrata Duranta repens var. variegata Duranta repens f. variegata Duranta repens f. acuta Duranta plumieri var. ellisiae Duranta plumieri var. normalis Duranta repens var. alba Duranta repens var. ellisia Duranta erecta var. erecta Duranta repens f. serrata Duranta repens f. vestita Duranta plumieri var. ellisia Duranta repens var. normalis Duranta erecta