Dysoxylum alliaceum Blume

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Meliaceae > Dysoxylum

Characteristics

Tree to 38 m, often of poor form; bole to 80 cm diam., fluted to c. 4 m with buttresses to 60 cm tall and 1 m out. Bark thin, lenticellate to finely fissured and shedding irregular strips; inner bark red-brown, yellower within, usually with strong smell of onions; sapwood fawnish; heartwood red-brown. Twigs cicatrose, striate, elenticellate. Leafy twigs c. 5–8 mm diam.; apical buds with fist-shaped young leaves, ± pubescent. Leaves to 60(–120) cm, usually smelling of onions when crushed, 3–6(–8)-jugate, subglabrous, subcoriaceous, petiole 5–15 cm, flattened adaxially, weakly swollen at base. Leaflets 7.5–25 by 2.5–7.5 cm, elliptic or ovate, or subfalcate, opposite to subopposite with an apical pair or one of these appearing terminal and with a small apical scar, shiny dark green adaxially, bases ± asymmetric, apices acuminate, nerves 8–12(–14) on each side, arcuate, subprominent abaxially; petiolules 5–20 mm, sulcate. Thyrses to 40 cm, pyramidal, proximal branches 8–20 cm with branchlets to 5 cm, bearing cymules of 1–3 sweetly scented flowers; axes puberulous; bracts and bracteoles minute. Flowerbuds with truncate apices, oblong; pedicels 2.5–4 mm long. Calyx c. 2.5–3 mm diam., shallowly cupular or salveriform, glabrous to subpuberulous without, margin 4-toothed. Petals 4 or 5, 5–8 mm long, linear, valvate, glabrous or pubescent within, white, or pinkish, drying black. Staminal tube glabrous or puberulous without, ± hairy within, margin subtruncate to 8-(or 10-)denticulate; anthers 8 (10), c. 1 mm long, included. Disk c. 1 mm tall, ± pubescent on both sides, truncate to obscurely lobed, margin ciliate. Ovary glabrous to hirsute, 3-locular, each locule 2-ovulate, style terete; stylehead subdiscoid, ± dimpled. Infructescence ± branched, to 25 cm long. Capsule to 7.5 cm diam., subglobose or lobed and constricted between seeds or beaked, occasionally markedly so (the beak to 15 mm) when 1-seeded, greenish white when unripe, red at maturity, drying black. Seeds 1–4 per capsule; oblong-globose, testa red, exarillate, when cut producing white latex and usually strong smell of onions; cotyledons superposed to collateral.
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Tree to 38 m high; bole to 80 cm diam., sometimes fluted and with buttresses to 60 cm high and 1 m out; bark smooth to finely fissured; slash usually onion-scented. Leaves in spirals, fist-shaped in bud, 20–60 cm long, paripinnate, 3–6-jugate, garlic-scented when bruised; petiole 5–15 cm long; leaflets elliptic to ovate or subfalcate, 7.5–25 cm long, 2.5–7.5 cm wide, asymmetric at base, acuminate at apex, subglabrous. Thyrses to 40 cm long, axillary, pyramidal, of cymules of subsessile sweetly scented flowers; bracteoles to 1 mm long, caducous. Calyx shallowly cupular or salveriform, 2.5–3 mm diam., 4-toothed, glabrous to subpuberulous outside. Petals 4 or 5, linear, 5–8 mm long, white to pinkish, free of staminal tube. Staminal tube glabrous or puberulous outside, ±hairy inside; margin subtruncate to  8-or 10-denticulate; anthers 8 or 10. Disc c. 1 mm long. Ovary 3-locular; locules usually  2-ovulate. Capsule subglobose, often asymmetric and beaked when young, to 7.7 cm diam., cream to pink or brown, glabrous. Seeds 1–4, ellipsoid, c. 2.0–2.2 cm long, red.
A tree. It grows up to 38 m tall. All parts smell of onion. The trunk can be 80 cm across. It is fluted at the base. It can have buttresses. The leaves are compound with leaflets in pairs but no leaflet at the end. There are 3-8 pairs of leaflets. The leaves can be 60 cm or longer. The leaf stalk is 5-15 cm long. The leaflets are oval and 7.5-25 cm long by 2.5-7.5 cm wide. The flowers are close together with short stalks. The flowering stalk can be 40 cm long. The flowers have a sweet scent. The fruit capsule is 7.5 cm across. It can be 25 cm long and is constricted between the seeds. There are 1-4 seeds per capsule. The seeds are oblong and red.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 38.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A mid-canopy tree in undisturbed mixed dipterocarp forests, growing on hillsides and ridges with sandy soils, but also on limestone; at elevations up to 1,000 metres. Commonly occurs along streams and rivers, in lowland and hill forests.
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A tropical plant. It grows in rainforest. It also grows on limestone. It is usually near streams. It grows up to 1800 m altitude.
Occurs in rainforests to 800 m alt.
Light -
Soil humidity -
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Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Fresh leaves are cooked with fish to give an onion flavour. The seeds are used with ginger to prepare a sauce. The dried seeds have been used as a garlic substitute.
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UsesThe timber is utilized but is not greatly valued. The strongly scented leaves have been said to be used to flavour food in New Guinea.
Uses animal food food fuel material medicinal poison social use timber wood
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Dysoxylum alliaceum world distribution map, present in Australia and India

Conservation status

Dysoxylum alliaceum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:578046-1
WFO ID wfo-0000658468
COL ID 6DQXY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Alliaria glabra Alliaria lampongum Dysoxylum alliaceum Dysoxylum lampongum Dysoxylum lanceolatum Dysoxylum laxiflorum Dysoxylum vrieseanum Alliaria costulata Alliaria fraterna Alliaria miqueliana Alliaria nageliana Alliaria similis Alliaria thyrsoidea Chisocheton dempoensis Dysoxylum aculeatissimum Dysoxylum acuminatissimum Dysoxylum archboldianum Dysoxylum brachycalycinum Dysoxylum brevipes Dysoxylum costulatum Dysoxylum dempoense Dysoxylum euphlebium Dysoxylum fraternum Dysoxylum glabrum Dysoxylum klemmei Dysoxylum macrothyrsum Dysoxylum miquelianum Dysoxylum monticola Dysoxylum nagelianum Dysoxylum platyphyllum Dysoxylum pulchrum Dysoxylum rostratum Dysoxylum thyrsoideum Guarea alliacea Hartighsea costulata Prasoxylon alliaceum Alliaria acuminatissima Alliaria vrieseana Dysoxylum longifolium Dysoxylum simile Dysoxylum alliaceum var. lanceolatum Dysoxylum alliaceum var. laxiflorum Dysoxylum thyrsoideum var. andamanicum Amoora oligosperma Trichilia similis Dysoxylum apoense Dysoxylum sattelbergense