Dysoxylum arborescens Miq.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Meliaceae > Dysoxylum

Characteristics

Treelet or tree to 20(–30) m, but usually less and often flowering when 1 m or so high; bole to 45 cm diam., fluted or with buttresses to 1 m tall and 45 cm out. Bark smooth to weakly cracked, lenticellate, grey-brown to blackish, sometimes mottled; inner bank straw to pale brown; sapwood fawnish. Branching rather fastigiate; crown dense. Twigs slender, rough with prominent lenticels, grey-brown, leafy ones c. 3–5 mm diam. Leaves to 45 cm long, to 4-jugate, imparinnate, though some leaves paripinnate also; petiole to 7 cm long, subterete to weakly angled, glabrous, base swollen, drying blackish. Leaflets 8.5–18 by 3–7 cm, most proximal the smallest, elliptical, sometimes narrowly so, to obovate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, glabrous, bases cuneate, sometimes ± asymmetric, apices conspicuously acuminate, the acumen to 12 mm long, veins 7–9(–10) on each side, spreading, arcuate; petiolules to 6 mm, swollen, drying blackish. Thyrses ± axillary, 2–8(–25) cm long, tawny puberulous; branches somewhat congested, ± ascending or subsquarrose, to 5(–12) cm long; bracteoles to 1.5 mm, triangular, tawny pubescent, fugacious. Flowers sweetly scented (Lilium auratum, Mabberley). Calyx c. 2.5–4 mm diam. distally, shallowly cupular, articulated with pedicel by slender pseudopedicel c. 3–6 mm long, ± adpressed fawny pubescent, margin irregularly 5-lobed. Corolla weakly clavate in bud, adhering to tube at base; petals (4) 5 (6), c. 7–10 by 1.8–2.2 mm, valvate waxy, creamy green to off white, glabrous or sometimes with minute hairs without, apex boat-shaped. Staminal tube weakly adpressed sparsely pubescent within, glabrous without, margin ± truncate to weakly crenulate; anthers 10 (11), c. 1 mm long, inserted near margin. Disk c. 1–1.5 mm tall, shortly tubular, ascendant pubescent within, glabrous without, margin crenulate. Ovary (3-) 4-or 5-locular, each locule with 2 collateral ovules, pubescent; style terete, ascendant-pubescent in proximal 2/3; stylehead subdiscoid, often dimpled, c. 1 mm diam. Infructescence to at least 25 cm long, sometimes appearing terminal, ± erect; axes c. 5 mm diam., ± terete. Capsule to 3 cm diam., flattened-globose, (3-)5-valved, often somewhat irregular and weakly angled between valves, bright pink-red, drying black, glabrous: endocarp white within. Seeds 1–6, c. 18 by 15 mm, plano-convex, exarillate; seedcoat bright orange, sarcotestal; hilum c. 8 mm diam., white.
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Trees to 20(-30) m tall. Bark smooth to finely cracked, lenticellate. Twigs slender, prominently lenticellate; apical buds with leaves like clenched fists. Leaves in spirals, to 45 cm, odd-pinnate; petiole glabrous, drying blackish, base swollen; leaflets 5-9; petiolules to 6 mm; leaflet blades elliptic to obovate, 8.5-18 × 3-7 cm, papery to somewhat leathery, glabrous, base cuneate, sometimes ± asymmetric, apex conspicuously acuminate with acumen to 1.2 cm, secondary veins 7 or 9(or 10) on each side of midvein. Thyrses ± axillary, 2-8(-25) cm, tawny puberulent, branches to 5(-12) cm. Calyx shallowly cupular, 3-6 mm, fawn-colored pubescent, margin irregularly 5-lobed. Petals (4 or)5(or 6), whitish, 7-10 × 1.8-2.2 mm, usually glabrous. Staminal tube truncate to weakly crenulate, sparsely pubescent outside; anthers 10, ca. 1 mm, inserted near margin. Disk 1-1.5 mm high, inside pubescent, margin crenulate. Ovary (3 or)4-or 5-locular, with 2 collateral ovules per locule; style pubescent in proximal 2/3. Capsule to 3 cm in diam., flattened globose, (3-)5-valved, bright pinkish red, glabrous. Seeds 1-6, ca. 1.8 × 1.5 cm, planoconvex with bright orange sarcotesta.
Tree to 20 m high but often much less; bole to 45 cm diam.; bark smooth to weakly cracked. Leaves in spirals, fist-shaped in bud, 12–45 cm long, imparipinnate, 4-jugate; petiole to 7 cm long; leaflets (narrowly) elliptic to obovate, 8.5–18 cm long, 3–7 cm wide, cuneate at base, acuminate at apex with acumen to 12 mm long, glabrous. Thyrses 2–8 cm long, axillary; branches often congested, to c. 5 cm long, of long-pseudopedicellate, sweetly scented flowers; bracteoles to 1.5 mm long. Calyx shallowly cupular, 2.5–4 mm diam., irregularly  5-lobed, ± adpressed fawn-pubescent. Petals 5, oblong-ovate, c. 7–10 mm long, off-white, adhering basally to tube, usually glabrous. Staminal tube with usually truncate margin and  10 anthers near it. Disc c. 1–1.5 mm long. Ovary 4-or 5-locular; locules 2-ovulate. Capsule flattened-globose, to 3 cm diam., usually 5-valved, bright pink-red, glabrous. Seeds 1–6, planoconvex, 18 mm long, bright orange.
A medium to large tree with rigid branches. It can be 6-10 m high and spread to 3-8 m wide. It has smooth branches with lenticels. The bark of the young branches is dark red. The leaves are alternate and scattered with 7 pairs of leaflets. The leaves are 12-20 cm long. The leaf stalks have grooves along their length. The leaflets are thinly leathery and shiny on the upper surface. The leaflets are 7-15 cm long by 2.5-5 cm wide. They are oblong and unequal at the base. Flowers are borne in the axils of leaves and are yellowish white. They are small, about 1 cm across. The stamens are slightly shorter than the petals. The fruit are round but flattened and can be wrinkled. They are red and with 5 cells. The flesh is white and they have 1 to 4 seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 3.0 - 8.0
Mature height (meter) 17.5
Root system -
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Flower color
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Environment

A tropical and subtropical plant. They grow in mixed mountain forest in the tropics. They are found in the Philippines in lower and middle altitude forests throughout the islands. They need acid and well drained soil.
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A very common tree of dense primary forests and also the more open secondary growth areas, including that on limestone; at elevations up to 1,500 metres. The tree also presists as a relict in hedgerows and gardens.
A very common tree of primary and secondary rainforest to 1500 m alt. 
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Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

UsesNone recorded though it would make a good garden tree being early flowering and with beautiful fruits as well as scented flowers.
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The seeds are peeled and roasted and eaten.
Uses animal food fuel material medicinal poison social use timber wood
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed which must be planted while fresh.
Mode seedlings
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Distribution

Dysoxylum arborescens world distribution map, present in Australia, China, India, and Solomon Islands

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:578058-1
WFO ID wfo-0000658485
COL ID 8S5GN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Trichilia arborescens Aglaia halmaheirae Aglaia macrophylla Alliaria halmaheirae Alliaria kunthiana Dysoxylum arborescens Alliaria arborescens Alliaria maingayi Alliaria nernstii Dysoxylum forsythianum Dysoxylum gjellerupii Dysoxylum halmaheirae Dysoxylum kunthianum Dysoxylum maingayi Dysoxylum nernstii Dysoxylum novohebridanum Dysoxylum rubrum Dysoxylum sibuyanense Epicharis kunthiana Hartighsea acuminata Hartighsea sumatrana Dysoxylum arborescens f. timorense Dysoxylum insulare Goniocheton arborescens Goniocheton insularis Dysoxylum arborescens f. ceramica