Dysoxylum cumingianum C.Dc.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Meliaceae > Dysoxylum

Characteristics

Tree 5–25 m; bole to 28 cm diam., sometimes fluted and buttressed, buttresses to 50 cm out, 3 cm thick. Bark straw-coloured to dull brown, pustular; inner bark and sapwood yellowish; heartwood red. Twigs suberect, lenticellate, cicatrose, the leafy ones 5–8 mm diam. Young twigs and innovations hirtellous to fulvous pubescent (in sicco). Apical buds with fist-shaped young leaves. Leaves 30–70 cm, imparipinnate, 4–6-jugate, drying yellowish; petiole 5–10(–18) cm, 3–4 mm diam., flattened or grooved adaxialiy, ± densely pubescent, base swollen; rachis 2–3 mm diam., terete to grooved adaxialiy (in sicco), pubescent. Leaflets opposite to subopposite, membraneous, glabrous adaxialiy, ± densely pubescent abaxially, the terminal the largest, 18(–22) by 7(–11) cm, oblong to obovate, base obtuse to subcuneate, apex gradually cuspidate to acuminate, the laterals smaller the more proximal, where ovate, bases asymmetric, obtuse, apices acute, venation brochidodrome, conspicuously reticulate, costae c. 12–14 on each side, arcuate, prominent abaxially, petiolule 3–6(–9) mm (–15 mm on apical leaflet), flattened adaxially. Racemes to 10 cm, usually less, axillary or borne in axils of unexpanded leaves of lateral shoots, on twigs or branches, densely yellow-hairy (in sicco); bracts 1–1.5 mm, triangular, squarrose, densely pubescent; pedicels 1–1.5 mm, densely pubescent. Flowers white. Calyx c. 2.5 mm long, urceolate, rather irregularly 4-dentate, densely pubescent without, the teeth subacute. Petals 4, 8–10(–15) mm long, linear-oblong, acute, imbricate at least at apices, glabrous or sparsely hirtellous at apices. Staminal tube glabrous with 8 variously bilobed appendages; anthers 8, c. 1 mm long, oblong, subsessile, alternating with appendages. Disk 3–4 mm long, cylindrical, long-hairy, margin erose to irregularly lobed. Ovary pubescent, 4-locular; style hairy in proximal half; stylehead discoid, sometimes with distinct annulus. Infructescences to c. 5 cm long, usually less, or fruits solitary. Fruits to 3 cm long, ovoid to top-shaped, obscurely 4-angled, often conspicuously lenticellate, bright red-purple, carpels white within, dehiscing starwise. Seeds (3 or) 4, to 2 cm long, 8 mm wide, plano-convex, hanging by funicles from carpel walls, (?) aril whitish, testa black.
More
Trees, medium sized. Young branches densely covered with thick trichomes, glabrescent. Leaves in spirals, ca. 30 cm, odd-pinnate; leaflets 7-9, opposite or alternate; leaflet blades elliptic to ovate-elliptic, (5-)12-16 × (3-)5-6 cm, membranous, yellowish gray when dry, abaxially densely puberulent along midvein and secondary veins, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 12-14 on each side of midvein and abaxially ± prominent, base oblique and cuneate to sometimes rounded, apex obtuse to acute. Thyrses linear, ± as long as petioles, ca. 8 cm, densely covered with yellow thick trichomes, borne on older branches and sometimes also axillary. Calyx kettlelike, ca. 2.5 mm, membranous, outside with dense thick trichomes, 4-lobed. Petals 4, linear to elongate-elliptic, ca. 1.5 cm, membranous, apex covered with yellow small trichomes. Staminal tube glabrous; anthers 8, narrowly ellipsoid. Disk cylindric, outside glabrous, inside covered with trichomes. Ovary 4-locular, densely yellow villous, with 1 ovule per locule; style ± as long as filament tube, middle part pilose. Capsule globose, 2-2.5 cm in diam., subglabrous, valvate with 4 or 5 segments.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.0 - 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Rheumatism (unspecified), Enterosis (unspecified), Poison (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Dysoxylum cumingianum world distribution map, present in China, Indonesia, and Philippines

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:578103-1
WFO ID wfo-0000658545
COL ID 8S5HR
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Epicharis cumingiana Epicharis pyriformis Epicharis siargaoensis Epicharis triangularis Alliaria cauliflora Dysoxylum agusanense Dysoxylum cauliflorum Dysoxylum cumingianum Dysoxylum siargaoense Dysoxylum triangulare Hartighsea cauliflora Dysoxylum pyriforme Dysoxylum sulphureum Dysoxylum testaceum