Dysoxylum grande Hiern

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Meliaceae > Dysoxylum

Characteristics

Tree to 39 m; bole to 70 cm diam., with plank buttresses to 2 m tall and 7.5 m out. Bark smooth to dippled, greyish brown, lenticellate; inner bark with cream and pinkish purple tangential bands; sapwood yellow brown. Leafy twigs c. 1.3–2 cm diam. with wide pith, often fulvous tomentellous; buds with long stiletto-like young leaves. Leaves to 1 m long, 6–9-jugate with apical stub or spike, one of the lateral leaflets often appearing terminal; petiole 10–15 cm, ± 3-angled, ± fulvous pubescent, base swollen. Leaflets 10–19 by 3.5–6 cm, oblong, the most proximal ones sometimes lanceolate, alternate to subopposite, brittle when dried, adaxial surface reddish brown in young leaves (Henderson, l.c.), rugulose with minute black glandular dots, glabrous except midrib and nerves sometimes yellow pubescent, abaxial surface gland-dotted, subglabrous to densely yellow-pubescent, margins subrevolute, bases rounded to shortly cuneate, apices acuminate to subcaudate, costae 23–25 on each side, subsquarrose, arching but not looping at margin, petiolules 5–9 mm, sulcate ± pubescent. Thyrses narrow, to 10 cm in females, to 30 cm with branches to 5 cm in males; axes angled, ± finely tomentose; bracts and bracteoles c. 0.5 mm, ephemeral. Flowers subsessile in cymules of 3 or 4, fragrant. Calyx c. 4.5 mm long (c. 2 mm in males), 7 mm diam. (5 mm in males), shortly cupular, ± pubescent without, margin 4-lobed. Petals 4, c. 9 mm long (7 mm in males), oblong, densely tomentose without, creamy yellow. Staminal tube minutely pubescent without, glabrous within, margin with 8 short, broadly triangular lobes; anthers 8, c. 1.2 mm long, oblong, included. Disk c. 1.3 mm tall, shortly cylindrical, often closely enveloping ovary, subglabrous without, densely long yellow pilose within. Ovary densely pilose, (3-) 4-(or 5-)locular, each locule (?) l-ovulate; style 4-angled, pubescent in proximal 1/2; stylehead cylindric-capitate, with basal annulus. Infructescence sparingly branched, with watery sticky latex. Capsules 1–4 on stout peduncles, 5–8 cm long, 7–11 cm diam., depressed globose, apically dimpled, orange, 3–5-sulcate. Seeds 1–4(–5), c. 2.5 cm long, with thick (?) sarcotesta; cotyledons green.
More
Trees 4-12(-15) m tall. Branchlets densely yellowish pubescent; older branches gray pubescent; apical buds spikelike or stiletto-shaped. Leaves in spirals, scattered, ca. 60 cm, even-pinnate; petiole and rachis densely pubescent; leaflets 9-15, usually alternate; leaflet blades lanceolate or oblong, 10-30 × 3-9 cm, papery, abaxially yellowish villous, adaxially densely pubescent on midvein and otherwise sparsely pubescent, secondary veins 25-30 on each side of midvein, spreading but anastomosing near margin, abaxially conspicuously prominent and adaxially concave, base usually oblique with one side rounded and other side cuneate, apex acuminate. Thyrses axillary, ca. 20 cm, many branched, yellowish pubescent. Flowers 4-merous. Pedicel 4 mm or more. Calyx nearly disciform, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., outside pubescent, apex inconspicuously lobed. Petals linear-oblong, 6-7 × 2(or less) mm, outside pubescent. Staminal tube cylindric, ca. 5 mm, glabrous, margin serrulate; anthers 8, oblong, ca. 1 mm, included. Disk annular, ca. 1 mm high, glabrous, apex crenate. Ovary densely yellow pubescent; style 3-4 mm, slender, basally villous. Capsule obovoid-globose to pyriform, ca. 4 × 3 cm or wider, wrinkled when dry, glabrous. Seeds obovoid, with thick sarcotesta. Fl. May-Jul and Sep-Nov, fr. Oct-Nov and Mar-Apr.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 22.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Rain forests, especially hill forests, at elevations up to 1,400 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses material timber wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Dysoxylum grande world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:578149-1
WFO ID wfo-0000658600
COL ID 6DQPJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Alliaria grandis Chisocheton costatus Dysoxylum lasiophyllum Dysoxylum corneri Dysoxylum grande Dysoxylum interruptum Dysoxylum lukii Dysoxylum verruculosum Dysoxylum lukii var. paucinervium Guarea grandis