Dysoxylum parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Meliaceae > Dysoxylum

Characteristics

Tree 20–27(–36) m, somewhat pachycaul, sometimes flowering as an unbranched or sparsely branched treelet; bole to 45(–60) cm diam. Buttresses to 1.5 m tall and out, concave, when present then bole fluted. Bark smooth, yellowish, with scattered pustular lenticels to flaking grey-brown with inflorescence bosses to 8 by 8 cm; inner bark pale brown with orange streaks; sapwood white; heartwood red. Twigs suberect, brownish to pinkish grey with brown lenticels and conspicuous scutellar cicatrices. Leafy twigs 5–12 mm diam., erect, pithy, ± fulvous pubescent to tomentose. Apical buds with fistshaped young leaves, ± fulvous-tomentose. Leaves 1–1.5 m when mature, imparipinnate, to 17(–19)-jugate, the apical portion developing throughout a season and the terminal leaflet sometimes undeveloped or lost, bunched at twig apices; petiole 8–12 cm, 3–7 mm diam., terete, swollen and flattened to grooved adaxially at base, ± pubescent, lenticellate; rachis 2–6 mm diam., terete to angled (in sicco), ± pubescent, often brown-tomentose. Leaflets opposite to subopposite, dull dark green adaxially, paler abaxially, chartaceous when dry, subglabrous to densely fulvous tomentose abaxially and on veins adaxially, the largest the more apical, to 19(–28) by 6(–8) cm, narrowly elliptic to oblong, the most proximal smallest, subelliptic to suborbicular, apices ± acuminate, bases obtuse to rounded, ± asymmetric, venation brochidodrome, conspicuously reticulate, prominent abaxially, costae c. 15–20 on each side, arcuate, petiolules 3–8 mm, –18 mm on terminal leaflet, ± densely tomentose. Racemes to 30 cm long, pendent, borne in fascicles on bosses on the bole, major branches and twigs, and/or in axils where usually solitary, sometimes few-flowered or even flowers solitary, sweetly scented (hyacinths, Docters van Leeuwen), rachis subglabrous to densely pilose or tomentose; bracts c. 1 mm long, triangular rarely to 8 mm, lanceolate, foliaceous; pedicels c. 6–13 mm, subglabrous to densely adpressed pubescent. Calyx c. 7–15 mm long, cylindrical, cream, subglabrous or with ciliate margin to densely adpressed pubescent, margin irregularly (2–)3–5-lobed, lobes c. 4–6 mm long, triangular, reflexed at anthesis. Petals 4(or 5), 15– 20(–28) mm long, linear lanceolate, imbricate at apices where thicker, white or creamish, ± adpressed pubescent without especially apically. Staminal tube glabrous or rarely sparsely hirtellous within or without, margin with 8 (10, 12) lobes, truncate, emarginate or shallowly bifid, reflexed at anthesis; anthers 8 (10, 12), c. 1.2 mm long, oblong, brown. Disk 4–5 mm long, cylindrical, glabrous, margin truncate to crenulate. Ovary densely adpressed pilose, 4-(or 5-)locular, each locule with 1 or 2 superposed ovules; style densely adpressed pilose in proximal half; stylehead subcapitate to discoid. Infructescences to 30 cm long or fruits solitary. Fruits to 4 cm diam., obovoid-globose to flattened-globose, conspicuously 4-or 5-ribbed, redbrown, dehiscing starwise, carpels white within. Seeds 2–5, c. 2 cm long, brownish black with basal orange-red aril.
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Tree to 27 m high; bole to 45 cm diam.; buttresses to 1.5 m high and out; bark yellowish, smooth to flaking, with large inflorescence bosses. Leaves in spirals, fist-shaped in bud,  1–1.5 m long, imparipinnate, to 17-jugate, the apical leaflets expanding tardily; petiole  8–12 cm long; leaflets narrowly elliptic to oblong, 7–19 cm long, 1.5–6 cm wide, usually asymmetric at base, acuminate at apex, subglabrous to densely fulvous-tomentose abaxially and on veins abaxially. Racemes to 30 cm long in fascicles on bole, branches or twigs or even axillary (when flowers sometimes solitary); flowers sweetly scented; bracteoles c. 1 mm long, rarely subfoliaceous and longer. Calyx tubular, 7–15 mm long; margin irregularly 3–5-lobed. Petals usually 4, linear-lanceolate, 15–20 mm long, creamy-white, usually adpressed-hairy outside. Staminal tube usually glabrous with usually 8 lobes and anthers. Disc 4–5 mm long. Ovary 4-locular; locules 1-or 2-ovulate. Capsule globose, to 4 cm diam., 4-ribbed, red-brown, glabrous. Seeds 2–5, c. 2 cm long; ‘aril’ basal, orange-red.
Trees to 27(-32) m tall. Branchlets pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves 15-150 cm; rachis glabrous; leaflets 6 or 7 pairs, opposite to subopposite; petiolules 1-3 mm; leaflet blades oblong-elliptic, 11-15 × 3-5 cm, papery, abaxially densely puberulent along midvein and secondary veins, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 14 on each side of midvein, base ± oblique, apex shortly acuminate. Inflorescences caespitose, arising from old branches or trunk, extremely short, sometimes racemelike; peduncle often less than 1 cm. Pedicel 7-8 mm. Calyx goblet-shaped, ca. 1 cm, densely covered with very small spots, glabrous, 4-lobed; lobes broadly ovate, 2-5 mm, irregular, apex obtuse. Petals 4, oblong, ca. 2.5 cm × 3-4 mm, apex thickened and densely pubescent. Staminal tube free from petals, ca. 2 cm × 3.5-4 mm, outside glabrous, inside ± villous, apical margin 8-lobed; anthers 8, sessile, alternating with lobes. Disk ca. 3 mm high, truncate, glabrous. Ovary villous; style base villous. Fruit nearly globose when mature, 4-6 cm in diam.
A tree. The leaves are compound. The leaflets are 6-24 cm long by 3-6.5 cm wide. The flowers and fruit are produced on bumps on the trunk. The flowers are cup or tube shaped. The fruit are round and 2-3 cm long. They can have lobes.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 21.0 - 24.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.5
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Rain forests, including that on limestone; at elevations up to 2,100 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows from sea level to 1,000 m above sea level.
Grows in rainforest, including that on limestone.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

UsesThe timber has a limited use in construction. The bark contains dysoxylum acid.
Uses animal food food fuel invertebrate food material medicinal oil poison social use timber wood
Edible fruits seeds stems
Therapeutic use Astringent (unspecified), Collyrium (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Insectifuge (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Toothblack (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 35
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Dysoxylum parasiticum unspecified picture

Distribution

Dysoxylum parasiticum world distribution map, present in Australia, China, Micronesia (Federated States of), Guam, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Solomon Islands, Seychelles, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:578268-1
WFO ID wfo-0000658751
COL ID 8S5MG
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 448109
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Taeniochlaena polyneura Lansium domesticum Aglaia steenisii Melia parasitica Dysoxylum robinsonii Dysoxylum roemeri Epicharis rumphii Epicharis caulostachya Epicharis densevestita Epicharis ramiflora Epicharis robinsonii Epicharis schiffneri Epicharis sericea Epicharis speciosa Aglaia aquea Aglaia domestica Aglaia intricatoreticulata Alliaria caulostachya Alliaria ramiflora Alliaria speciosa Amoora racemosa Dysoxylum brachypodum Dysoxylum callianthum Dysoxylum caulostachyum Dysoxylum densevestitum Dysoxylum fissum Dysoxylum fragrans Dysoxylum glochidioides Dysoxylum longipetalum Dysoxylum megalanthum Dysoxylum novoguineense Dysoxylum parasiticum Dysoxylum ramiflorum Dysoxylum schiffneri Dysoxylum speciosum Epicharis brachypoda Epicharis cauliflora Epicharis hyacinthodora Epicharis leytensis Epicharis loheri Epicharis longicalycina Epicharis longiflora Epicharis longipetala Epicharis megalantha Guarea cauliflora Guarea sericea Aglaia dookkoo Azedarach ramiflorum Dysoxylum longicalicinum Dysoxylum richardianum Dysoxylum sericeum Epicharis calliantha Aglaia sepalina Lansium javanicum Lansium sepalinum Dysoxylum leytense Dysoxylum loheri Dysoxylum longiflorum Dysoxylum rumphii