Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants

Chénopode fausse Ambroisie (fr), Dysphanie fausse ambroisie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Amaranthaceae > Dysphania

Characteristics

Herbs annual or perennial, 50-80 cm tall, with strong odor. Stem erect, much branched, striate, obtusely ribbed; branches usually slender, pubescent and articulated villous, sometimes subglabrous. Petiole short; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, abaxially with scattered glands, slightly hairy around veins, adaxially glabrous, base attenuate, margin sparsely and irregularly coarsely serrate, apex acute or acuminate; lower leaves ca. 15 × 5 cm, upper ones gradually reduced and margin subentire. Flowers borne in upper leaf axils, usually 3-5 per glomerule, bisexual and female. Perianth segments (3 or)5, usually nearly closed in fruit. Stamens 5; anthers ca. 0.5 mm. Style obscure; stigmas 3(or 4), filiform, exserted from perianth. Utricle enclosed by perianth, depressed globose. Seed horizontal or oblique, black or dark red, sublustrous, ca. 0.7 mm in diam., glabrous, rim margin obtuse. Fl. and fr. over a lengthy period.
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Plants annual. Stems erect to ascending, much-branched, 3-10(-15) dm, ± glandular-pubescent. Leaves aromatic, distal leaves sessile; petiole to 18 mm; blade ovate to oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, proximal ones mostly lanceolate, 2-8(-12) × 0.5-4(-5.5) cm, base cuneate, margins entire, dentate, or laciniate, apex obtuse to attenuate, copiously gland-dotted (rarely glabrous). Inflorescences lateral spikes, 3-7 cm; glomerules globose, 1.5-2.3 mm diam.; bracts leaflike, lanceolate, oblanceolate, spatulate, or linear, 0.3-2.5 cm, apex obtuse, acute, or attenuate. Flowers: perianth segments 4-5, connate for ca. 1/2 their length, distinct portion ovate, rounded abaxially, 0.7-1 mm, apex obtuse, glandular-pubescent, covering seed at maturity; stamens 4-5; stigmas 3. Achenes ovoid; pericarp nonadherent, rugose to smooth. Seeds horizontal or vertical, reddish brown, ovoid, 0.6-1 × 0.4-0.5 mm; seed coat rugose to smooth.
Perennial herb c. 1 m high, strongly aromatic. Branches glabrous or almost so. Leaves elliptic to narrowly elliptic, coarsely serrate or incised, narrowed at base into short petiole, in all c. 10 cm long; undersurface with sessile globular oil-filled hairs. Flowers in small glomerules forming leafy or leafless panicles. Terminal flower of glomerule bisexual; perianth deeply 5-lobed, glabrous; lobes cucullate; stamens 5; ovary pubescent above with shortly stipitate geniculate hairs. Lateral flowers female; perianth depressed, shortly 5-toothed. Pericarp free. Seed horizontal or oblique, obtusely lenticular, c. 1 mm diam., smooth, glossy; embryo horseshoe-shaped.
Annual herb, 0.25-1.00 m high, upright, much branched. Leaves mostly lanceolate; inferior leaves with coarse, irregular ascending teeth on each margin, up to 140 x 45 mm; superior leaves becoming smaller. Inflorescences of ample, much-branched panicles of small, sessile clusters of flowers arranged spicately, mostly bracteate. Perianth segments 3-5. Flowering time Sept.-Apr. Pericarp membranous, easily removed. Seeds red-brown.
Annual herb, up to 1 m high. Stems erect. Leaves with blade oblong, ovate-lanceolate, irregularly sinuately repand, up to 100 x 40 mm, margins entire, dentate or laciniate, upper surface glabrous, lower surface covered with sessile, yellow glands. Flowers: in many-clustered, false spikes or pseudopanicles; perianth segments ovate-triangular, remaining green for a long time; Oct.-Apr.
Erect herb, up to 1 m high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 100 mm long and 40 mm broad, margins entire, dentate or laciniate, upper surface glabrous, lower surface covered with sessile yellow glands. Inflorescences axillary spikes. Flowers green.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.7
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system fibrous-root tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Mainly found on dry wasteland and cultivated ground. River bottoms, dry lake beds, flower beds, waste areas; at elevations up to 700 metres in southern N. America.
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Mainly found on dry wasteland and cultivated ground. River bottoms, dry lake beds, flower beds, waste areas; at elevations up to 700 metres in southern N. America.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

Uses animal food dye food gene source magical plant material medicinal non-vertebrate poison oil poison potherb social use tea vermicid vertebrate poison
Edible leaves saps seeds
Therapeutic use Gastrointestinal Aid (bark), Anthelmintics (fruit), Ascariasis (fruit), Diuretics (fruit), Emetics (fruit), Hookworm infections (fruit), Laxatives (fruit), Analgesic (leaf), Anthelmintic (leaf), Pediatric Aid (leaf), Anthelmintics (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Anti-infective agents (leaf), Antinematodal agents (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Dysmenorrhea (leaf), Eczema (leaf), Edema (leaf), Emetics (leaf), Fever (leaf), Hemorrhage (leaf), Influenza, human (leaf), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (leaf), Laxatives (leaf), Mouth diseases (leaf), Ointments (leaf), Pneumonia (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Typhoid fever (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Abortifacient (root), Gastrointestinal Aid (root), Antinematodal agents (root), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (root), Anthelmintic (seed), Tonic (seed), Abdominal pain (seed), Anthelmintics (seed), Antinematodal agents (shoot), Eczema (shoot), Ointments (shoot), Febrifuge (unspecified), Panacea (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Antirheumatic (External) (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Venereal Aid (unspecified), Anthelmintic (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Blood Medicine (unspecified), Pulmonary Aid (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Amebiasis (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Anemia (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Ascaricide (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Conjunctivitis (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dyspnea (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Fatigue (unspecified), Fear (unspecified), Fungicide (unspecified), Hookworms (unspecified), Lactogogue (unspecified), Narcotic (unspecified), Nerves (unspecified), Nervine (unspecified), Palpitation (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Puerperium (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tea (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Bite(Bug) (unspecified), Amenorrhea (unspecified), Ankylostomiasis (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Anthelminthic (unspecified), Arthritis (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Parasiticide (unspecified), Roundworms (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Antiparasitic agents (unspecified), Cestoda (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dysentery, amebic (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Heart diseases (unspecified), Hookworm infections (unspecified), Hysteria (unspecified), Intestinal diseases (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Menstruation-inducing agents (unspecified), Nervous system diseases (unspecified), Pectoralis muscles (unspecified), Antifungal agents (whole plant), Hookworm infections (whole plant), Malaria (whole plant)
Human toxicity toxic (seed), toxic (leaf)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Dysphania ambrosioides habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Dysphania ambrosioides habit picture by Fabrice Rubio (cc-by-sa)
Dysphania ambrosioides habit picture by Tom Coyot (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Dysphania ambrosioides leaf picture by Patrick Nard (cc-by-sa)
Dysphania ambrosioides leaf picture by Flores Mariano (cc-by-sa)
Dysphania ambrosioides leaf picture by Elane XYZ (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Dysphania ambrosioides flower picture by Thomas Roche (cc-by-sa)
Dysphania ambrosioides flower picture by Blanco Laura (cc-by-sa)
Dysphania ambrosioides flower picture by Fabrice Rubio (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Dysphania ambrosioides fruit picture by Patrick Nard (cc-by-sa)
Dysphania ambrosioides fruit picture by ale cas (cc-by-sa)
Dysphania ambrosioides fruit picture by robbieboomsma (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Dysphania ambrosioides world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Anguilla, Albania, Argentina, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, Botswana, Central African Republic, Canada, Chile, China, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Germany, Dominica, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain, Estonia, Fiji, France, Gabon, Georgia, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Equatorial Guinea, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Croatia, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Libya, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Lesotho, Morocco, Madagascar, Mexico, North Macedonia, Malta, Myanmar, Montenegro, Mozambique, Mauritania, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Paraguay, Réunion, Romania, Saudi Arabia, El Salvador, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Slovakia, Slovenia, eSwatini, Seychelles, Syrian Arab Republic, Togo, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:70029925-1
WFO ID wfo-0000658867
COL ID 6DSM2
BDTFX ID 101178
INPN ID 611753
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Chenopodium ambrosioides f. dentatum Chenopodium ambrosioides f. rotundatum Vulvaria ambrosioides Ambrina ambrosioides Botrys ambrosioides Chenopodium cuneifolium Chenopodium sancta-maria Chenopodium suffruticosum Atriplex ambrosioides Atriplex anthelmintica Blitum ambrosioides Botrys anthelmintica Ambrina anthelmintica Ambrina incisa Ambrina parvula Ambrina spathulata Chenopodium ambrosioides Chenopodium angustifolium Chenopodium anthelminticum Chenopodium citriodorum Chenopodium querciforme Chenopodium vagans Chenopodium variegatum Dysphania ambrosioides Dysphania anthelmintica Orthosporum ambrosioides Chenopodium integrifolium Chenopodium spathulatum Chenopodium santamaria Roubieva anthelmintica Teloxys ambrosioides Orthosporum suffruticosum Chenopodium ambrosioides f. angustifolium Chenopodium amboanum Atriplex ambrosioides f. minus Chenopodium ambrosioides var. suffruticosum Ambrina ambrosioides var. anthelmintica Chenopodium ambrosioides var. pubescens Chenopodium ambrosioides var. angustifolium Chenopodium ambrosioides var. costei Chenopodium ambrosioides var. dentatum Chenopodium ambrosioides var. integrifolium Chenopodium ambrosioides var. obovatum Chenopodium ambrosioides var. querciforme Chenopodium ambrosioides subsp. suffruticosum Chenopodium ambrosioides var. suffruticosum Chenopodium ambrosioides var. vagans Chenopodium anthelminticum var. glabratum Chenopodium anthelminticum var. hastatum Chenopodium anthelminticum var. subhirsutum Chenopodium integrifolium subsp. ramosissimum Chenopodium opulifolium subsp. amboanum Chenopodium spathulatum var. platyphyllum Chenopodium suffruticosum subsp. remotum Chenopodium spathulatum var. angustifolium Chenopodium album subsp. ambrosioides Chenopodium querciforme var. minus Chenopodium ambrosioides var. comosum Chenopodium ambrosioides f. integrifolium Chenopodium ambrosioides f. minus Chenopodium ambrosioides f. pinnatifidum Chenopodium ambrosioides f. spathulatum Chenopodium ambrosioides f. suffruticosum Chenopodium ambrosioides var. pinnatifidum Chenopodium ambrosioides var. obovata Chenopodium ambrosioides var. anthelminticum Chenopodium integrifolium subsp. ramosissimum