Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.Rich.

Squirting cucumber (en), Momordique sauvage (fr), Concombre sauvage (fr), Momordique élatérium (fr), Concombre d'âne (fr), Momordique (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Cucurbitales > Cucurbitaceae > Ecballium

Characteristics

Annual or short-lived perennial herb with stout rootstock. Stems running, ± succulent, hispid and with dense short soft hairs. Petiole to c. 7 cm long. Lamina to 10 × 8 cm (to 18 × 18 cm in cultivation), ± triangular with a pair of basal lobes and a pair of short lateral lobes, with scattered scabrid hairs above, densely hairy and hispid below especially on the prominent nerve reticulum; margins strongly sinuate and undulate; base deeply cordate; apex obtuse. Racemes few-flowered; pedicels short, densely hairy. Calyx c. 10 mm long, densely hairy. Petals 10-17-(20) × 6-7 mm, pale yellow, elliptic-oblong, densely hairy outside, apiculate. Filaments c. 3 mm long; anthers irregularly lobed; pollen orange. ♀ fls often in same axil as ♂ fls but somewhat smaller. Fr. ± pendent on a recurved pedicel, 3-5 cm long; pulp almost transparent. Seed c. 5 mm long, dark brown.
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Roots elongate, robust. Stem ca. 1.5 m, scabrous. Petiole somewhat robust, 5-15 cm, densely setose; leaf blade ovate-oblong or hastate, 8-20 × 6-15 cm, scabrous, abaxially white pubescent, adaxially white setose, margin sinuous or slightly divided, apex slightly obtuse; sinus semicircular, sometimes truncate. Male flowers in a raceme; peduncle densely yellow-brown pubescent and setose; pedicels filiform, 1-3 cm; calyx segments lanceolate, 5-6 × 1.2-2 mm, densely pubescent and hispid; corolla yellow, ca. 3 cm in diam.; segments ovate-oblong; filaments ca. 3 mm, base villous. Fruit oblong or ovoid-oblong, 4-5 × 1.5-2.5 cm, scabrous, yellow-brown hispid, both ends obtuse. Seeds ca. 4 mm.
Stems 15–80 cm. Leaves long-petiolate; blade bicolor, 4–10 cm, fleshy, abaxially lighter because of densely hirsute to hirsutulous vestiture. Staminate flowers 1 or 2–8 in racemes 5–35 cm. Pistillate flowers: peduncles erect, sharply recurved-nodding at apex so that mature fruit is pendent, 1–8 cm. Corollas (14–)18–20 mm diam.; petals 8–16 mm (staminate) or 6–14 mm (pistillate). Fruits 4–5.5 cm, pendulous on peduncles 1–8 cm. Seeds 4–5 mm. 2n = 18, 24.
Leaves with lamina 8–20 cm long, 6–15 cm wide, scabrid, white tomentose beneath; petiole 5–15 cm long. Male racemes on peduncles 5–15 cm long; pedicels 1–3 cm long; hypanthium 2–3 mm long; calyx-lobes 3–5 mm long; corolla-lobes 8–12 mm long, yellow. Female flowers on pedicels 5–30 mm long; ovary 6–15 mm long. Fruit 30–45 mm long, 15–20 mm diam.; pedicel to 18 cm long. Seeds 5 mm long, dark brown.
A creeping herb. The roots are robust. It can re-grow from the roots. The leaf stalk is 5-15 cm long. The leaves are heart shaped. They are 8-20 cm long by 6-15 cm wide. There are white hairs underneath. The male flowers occur in a group and female flowers occur singly. They are yellow. The fruit is oval or oblong and 4-5 cm long by 2-3 cm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread autochory
Mature width (meter) 0.75 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.25 - 0.4
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

In is a Mediterranean or temperate plant. In western China it grows on dry mountain slopes and grasslands.
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Hot dry places on waste ground and roadsides, usually close to the coast.
Summer-growing weed of pasture androadsides.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-10

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal poison
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Uterine neoplasms (leaf), Adenocarcinoma, scirrhous (root), Hair loss (root), Dermatitis (root), Edema (root), Exanthema (root), Skin diseases (root), Thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic (root), Uterine neoplasms (root), Cancer (unspecified), Cathartic (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Nephritis (unspecified), Cathartics (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Kidney diseases (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Narcotics (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified), Papilloma (unspecified), Rabies (unspecified), Urogenital neoplasms (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified)
Human toxicity strong toxic (aerial)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Ecballium elaterium habit picture by Émile Maurice (cc-by-sa)
Ecballium elaterium habit picture by Fabrice Rubio (cc-by-sa)
Ecballium elaterium habit picture by Palmieri Nicola (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Ecballium elaterium leaf picture by David Horcajada Tejero (cc-by-sa)
Ecballium elaterium leaf picture by Talbot Cyril (cc-by-sa)
Ecballium elaterium leaf picture by Sophie Besnard (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Ecballium elaterium flower picture by Pons Ferré Josep (cc-by-sa)
Ecballium elaterium flower picture by Émile Maurice (cc-by-sa)
Ecballium elaterium flower picture by Alberto (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ecballium elaterium fruit picture by Pons Ferré Josep (cc-by-sa)
Ecballium elaterium fruit picture by Josea Josea (cc-by-sa)
Ecballium elaterium fruit picture by michel metzger (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ecballium elaterium world distribution map, present in Australia, China, France, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:292573-1
WFO ID wfo-0000659225
COL ID 38DKH
BDTFX ID 75101
INPN ID 95662
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Momordica elastica Momordica elaterium Momordica aspera Momordica officinarum-elaterium Momordica ecirrhata Bryonia elaterium Ecballium officinale Ecballium purgans Ecballium agreste Ecballium officinarum Elaterium cordifolium Cucumis agrestis Ecballium elaterium

Lower taxons

Ecballium elaterium subsp. dioicum