Echium plantagineum L.

Purple viper's-bugloss (en), Vipérine faux Plantain (fr), Vipérine à feuilles de plantain (fr), Vipérine faux plantain (fr), Vipérine plantain (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Boraginales > Boraginaceae > Echium

Characteristics

Annual or biennial herb with 1-many flowering stems, up to 0.8 m high. Indumentum of soft, appressed, long (up to 3 mm) tubercle-based setae, each trichome with a concentric ring of cells at base, sometimes stems, leaf margins and veins on lower surface of leaf with a sublayer of soft, much shorter, simple, unicellular trichomes. Stems erect or decumbent. Basal leaves ovate to oblanceolate, 50-300 x 10-70 mm, with prominent lateral veins on both surfaces; lamina narrowing rather abruptly into petiole; petiole up to 55 mm long. Cauline leaves oblong to lanceolate, uppermost ±cordate at base. Cymes usually distinctly stalked, lengthening after flowering to 250-300 mm. Calyx up to 12 mm long in fruit. Corolla blue or deep purplish blue, broadly funnel-shaped, 10-20 mm long, glabrous except for sparse hairs on veins and margins of outside surface, with a ring of 10 distinct pilose lobes within tube. Stamens: lower pair long-exserted, the others included or only slightly exserted; filaments with long hairs. Nutlets greyish brown, triquetrous, rugose, tuberculate with tubercles varying in size, 2.0-3.0 x 2.0-2.5 mm.
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Erect annual to biennial herb with 1–many flowering stems 20–65 cm. tall; radical leaves ovate to oblanceolate, 5–28 cm. long, 1–3.5 cm. wide, adpressed setose with lateral nerves distinct; cauline leaves oblong to lanceolate, the upper cordate or truncate at the base, all with adpressed rather soft hairs.. Cymes usually distinctly stalked, lengthening after flowering to 25–30 cm.. Calyx 0.7–1.2 cm. long, lengthening to 1.7 cm. in fruit.. Corolla blue turning purple then pink or entirely white, 1.8–3.2 cm. long, with hairs restricted to the veins and margins; ring of 10 distinct pilose lobes within the tube.. Lower pair of stamens exserted, the others included or only slightly exserted; filaments with long woolly hairs.. Style included, densely hispidulous below, bifid for ± 1 mm.. Nutlets black or grey-brown, ovoid-bipyramidal, 2.3–3 × 2–2.5 mm. with prominent ventral and distinct dorsal keel and short suberect beak, tuberculate and faintly striate.. Fig. 22.
Annual or biennial herb, with 1-many flowering stems, up to 0.8 m high. Stems erect or decumbent. Leaves petiolate or sessile; basal leaves with blade broadly ovate to narrowly obovate, 50-300 x 10-70 mm, apex rounded to somewhat acute, decurrent, base attenuate, lateral veins prominent on both surfaces; petiole up to 55 mm long; cauline leaves sessile; blade narrowly ovate. Flowers: in helicoid cymes; stamens with lower pair long-exserted, other 3 enclosed; filaments with long hairs; calyx up to 12 mm long in fruit; corolla broadly funnel-shaped, 10-20 mm long, glabrous except for hairs on veins and margins of outer surface, blue or deep purplish blue; Sep.-Mar. Fruit with nutlets, 2.0-3.0 x 2.0-2.5 mm, greyish brown, rugose, tuberculate.
Annual or biennial herb, with 1-many flowering stems, up to 0.8 m high. Stems erect or decumbent. Leaves: basal leaves with blade broadly ovate to narrowly obovate, 50-300 x 10-70 mm, base attenuate, apex rounded to somewhat acute, decurrent, lateral veins prominent on both surfaces, petioles up to 55 mm long; cauline leaves sessile, blade narrowly ovate. Flowers in helicoid cymes. Calyx up to 12 mm long in fruit. Corolla broadly funnel-shaped, 10-20 mm long, glabrous except for hairs on veins and margins of outer surface, blue or deep purplish blue. Stamens with lower pair long-exserted, other 3 enclosed; filaments with long hairs. Flowering time Sept.-Mar. Fruit with nutlets 2-3 x 2.0-2.5 mm, greyish brown, rugose, tuberculate.
Hispid annual or biennial herb to c. 90 cm high. Basal lvs to c. 15 × 3.5 cm, linear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate; base attenuate and petiolate; apex obtuse; upper cauline lvs smaller, sessile, lanceolate to oblong, ± cordate at base. Infl. with 1-several branches; branches becoming spike-like or paniculate. Calyx 9-12 mm long; lobes linear-lanceolate, much < corolla tube. Corolla 20-30 mm long, funnelform, reddish in bud, becoming purplish blue or blue; upper lobes > lower; 2 stamens long-exserted, others included; filaments deep pink; anthers blue. Nutlets 2-3 mm long, angular.
Herb, 0.2-0.6 m high. Basal leaves ovate to spathulate with prominent lateral veins; cauline leaves oblong to lanceolate with cordate base. Corolla 18-30 mm long, with 2 stamens exserted from corolla tube. Flowers blue becoming pink through purple.
Hairy annual or biennial to 65 cm. Basal leaves ovate to oblanceolate, lateral veins prominent. Flowers blue fading to pink, oblique and unequally lobed, sparsely hairy on veins and margins. Nutlets rugose.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Not known
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 4-6
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

Uses animal food bee plant environmental use food invertebrate food medicinal oil poison vertebrate poison
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Tumor (unspecified), Poison (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 27
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Echium plantagineum habit picture by Malinverno Mario (cc-by-sa)
Echium plantagineum habit picture by Tolga COSKUN (cc-by-sa)
Echium plantagineum habit picture by Torres Pedro (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Echium plantagineum leaf picture by morgane (cc-by-sa)
Echium plantagineum leaf picture by Juan D. Diaz (cc-by-sa)
Echium plantagineum leaf picture by Sergio costantini (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Echium plantagineum flower picture by Daniel Rouzier (cc-by-sa)
Echium plantagineum flower picture by Ramón Cabanelas (cc-by-sa)
Echium plantagineum flower picture by Juan D. Diaz (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Echium plantagineum fruit picture by olivier duchêne (cc-by-sa)
Echium plantagineum fruit picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)
Echium plantagineum fruit picture by filippo balloni (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Echium plantagineum world distribution map, present in Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cyprus, Algeria, Egypt, Spain, Ethiopia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Gibraltar, Greece, Croatia, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Lesotho, Morocco, North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, New Zealand, Pakistan, Portugal, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovenia, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Turkey, Tanzania, United Republic of, Ukraine, Uruguay, United States of America, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:115835-1
WFO ID wfo-0000662991
COL ID 38MDX
BDTFX ID 23538
INPN ID 95774
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Echium bonariense Echium longistamineum Echium plantagineum Echium sennenii Echium alonsoi Echium diffusum Echium lycopsis Echium murale Echium orientale Echium plantaginifolium Echium plantaginoides Echium pseudoviolaceum Echium violaceum Echium maritimum Echium creticum subsp. plantagineum Echium plantagineum var. alba Echium plantagineum var. monodasystemon Echium violaceum var. medium