Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.

Thorny olive (en), Oléastre épineux (fr), Chalef piquant (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Elaeagnaceae > Elaeagnus

Characteristics

Shrubs, evergreen, 3-4 m tall, densely branched. Spines frequent; young branches densely brown scaly. Petiole robust, 5-15 mm, rugose, brown scaly; leaf blade oblong to narrowly so, 5-10 × 1.8-3.5 cm, leathery, abaxially with dense whitish and usually also brown scales, adaxially glabrous and glossy, lateral veins 7-9 per side of midrib, base rounded, margin obsoletely toothed with prominently undulate margins, apex obtuse to bluntly acute. Flowers few, clustered in axils. Pedicel 5-8 mm, brown scaly. Calyx tube funnelform, rather broad, 6-7 mm, abruptly narrowed at base; lobes ovate, ca. 1/2 as long as tube, apex rounded. Drupe oblong, 1.2-1.5 cm, brown scaly. Fl. Sep-Dec, fr. Apr-Jun.
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It is an evergreen shrub or scrambling climber. It grows 3-4.5 m high and wide. The branches are long, horizontal and prickly. The leaves are oval and glossy. They are dark green above and silvery underneath. The flowers are very small. They are cream and bell-shaped. They have a scent. The fruit are red. They are 1 cm across. Some named varieties occur.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 4.0
Mature height (meter) 3.0 - 4.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is frost hardy. It can grow in a range of soils, including clays. It can grow in shade. It it drought tolerant and tolerates coastal exposure. It often grows near the sea. It suits hardiness zones 7-10.
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Sunny slopes, road sides and thickets in lowlands area, often near the sea; at elevations up to 1,000 metres.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

The fruit are eaten when fully ripe. They are also used for jam, soft drinks and liqueurs. The seeds are also eaten. It can be eaten fresh or cooked. seed
Uses brewing environmental use medicinal
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Antidiarrheic (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 140 - 180
Germination temperacture (C°) 10 - 18
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Elaeagnus pungens habit picture by Caw Vus (cc-by-sa)
Elaeagnus pungens habit picture by Richard GA (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Elaeagnus pungens leaf picture by magicmike (cc-by-sa)
Elaeagnus pungens leaf picture by Michael Willard (cc-by-sa)
Elaeagnus pungens leaf picture by Cheryl Bonaccorsi (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Elaeagnus pungens flower picture by Zsolt toth (cc-by-sa)
Elaeagnus pungens flower picture by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)
Elaeagnus pungens flower picture by andy cook (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Elaeagnus pungens fruit picture by Charlotte McGiffin (cc-by-sa)
Elaeagnus pungens fruit picture by Crisi Ellswo (cc-by-sa)
Elaeagnus pungens fruit picture by Crisi Ellswo (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Elaeagnus pungens world distribution map, present in Brazil, China, and United States of America

Conservation status

Elaeagnus pungens threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:927283-1
WFO ID wfo-0000663904
COL ID 6DZVF
BDTFX ID 23604
INPN ID 95839
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Elaeagnus sinensis Elaeagnus pungens var. variegata Elaeagnus pungens f. variegata Elaeagnus obtusa Elaeagnus simonii Elaeagnus pungens