Elaphoglossum acrostichoides (Hook. & Grev.) Schelpe

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Dryopteridaceae > Elaphoglossoideae > Elaphoglossum

Characteristics

Plants terrestrial or epilithic. Rhizome creeping, irregularly branched, to 3.5 mm in diameter, set with roots, spaced phyllopodia 2-7 mm long, and scales, scales often bicolorous, chartaceous towards the base, stramineous to ferrugineous, crustaceous towards the apex, castaneous and nitid, adnate, lanceolate to ovate, truncate to cordate, entire, repand, or with scattered glandular cells and filiform outgrowths terminating in an oblong thin-walled cell, apex terminates in an oblong thin-walled cell, to 2.5 mm long, to 1.5 mm wide, aerophores large. Fronds erect to arching, dimorphic, fertile generally overtop the sterile, sterile to 620 mm long, fertile to 510 mm long; stipe articulated to the phyllopodia, firm, proximally castaneous to black, green higher up, proximally adaxially flattened, shallowly sulcate higher up, sterile to 265 mm long, to 2.2 mm in diameter, fertile to 280 mm long, to 2.2 mm in diameter, initially sparsely scaled, glabrous later, scales chartaceous, ferrugineous to stramineous, sessile, ovate to broadly ovate, cordate, margins irregularly set with filiform outgrowths, apex terminates in an oblong thin-walled cell, to 2.5 mm long, to 1.5 mm wide; lamina firmly herbaceous to coriaceous, simple, entire, sterile oblong, attenuate to cuneate, apex cuneate to acute, to 365 mm long, to 42 mm wide, fertile linear to oblong, cuneate, apex cuneate, to 230 mm long, to 31 mm wide, adaxially with a few fugaceous scales similar to, but smaller than, those on the stipe along the costa, also with scattered glands, abaxially initially with fugaceous scales similar to those on the stipe along the costa, also with appressed, ferrugineous to stramineous, dendroid scales, and glands; costa adaxially shallowly sulcate, pronounced abaxially. Venation anadromous, obscure, pinnately forked, free, vein branches ending near the margin. Sori acrostichoid, often incomplete at the base; sporangium stalk simple, 3-seriate below the capsule, capsule globose, annulus with (11-)12 indurated annulus cells, epistomium 4-celled, hypostomium 4-celled. Spores elliptic, monolete, perispore with irregular reticulate ridges, porate at base, crests spinulose, scabrous between the ridges, exospore (38-)41.7(-46) x (26-)28.2(-30) µm.
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Rhizome creeping, branched, up to 3.5 mm diam., phyllopodia 2-7 mm long, black, aerophores large, rhizome densely set with lanceolate scales which are entire or have a few filamentous outgrowths at the sclerified base, up to 5 x 2 mm; stipe approximate, terete, firm, pale green, trophophyll stipe up to 180 mm long, sporophyll stipe usually longer than that of trophophyll, up to 190 mm long, with few deciduous, scariose, ovate scales with few filamentous outgrowths along margin, up to 2.5 x 1.5 mm; trophophyll simple, entire, firmly herbaceous, linear, longly decurrent to base and apex, midrib shallowly sulcate ventrally, up to 243 x 27 mm, venation free, ventral surface glandular, with few deciduous, scariose scales similar to those onstipe along midrib, minute, frequent pale rotund scales on lamina, dorsal surface glandular, with few deciduous, scariose scales along midrib and numerous minute, pale brown, scariose, stellate scales on lamina; sporophyll simple, entire, firmly herbaceous, linear, base longly decurrent to cuneate, midrib shallowly sulcate ventrally, up to 175 x 15 mm, venation free, ventral surface glandular, with numerous minute, pale brown, scariose, stellate scales, dorsal surface glabrous; sori acrostichoid, often incomplete at base, annulus large, 8-14 (12)-celled, sporoderm deeply and irregularly undulate, forming short reticulate ridges with pores at base, crest spinulose, areas between scabrous, 40-45 µm diam.
Rhizome c. 3 mm in diameter, set with subentire rhizome-scales up to 6 x 1.2 mm, concolorous pale brown or castaneous in upper half, with occasional filamentous outgrowths along margin. Fronds spaced 5-10 mm apart, thinly coriaceous; stipe pale brown stramineous, with a darker phyllopodium, up to 220 mm long, set with pale brown scales, stipe of fertile frond usually longer than that of sterile frond; sterile lamina very narrowly eliptic-acuminate up to 350 x 35 mm, set with stellate scales less than 0.5 mm in diameter on both surfaces, base cuneate, shortly to longly decurrent, margin entire to shallowly irregularly undulate; midrib sulcate above; veins obscure, c. 0.8 mm apart; fertile lamina linear, acute to acuminate, up to 170 x 15 mm, base narrowly cuneate, attenuate.
Terrestrial, epilithic or epiphytic. Rhizome creeping, scales dark brown to pale brown. Fronds simple, erect or arching, texture thickly herbaceous to coriaceous, sterile lamina linear-elliptic to very narrowly lanceolate, 30-350 x 10-36 mm, apex acuminate, base tapering, adaxially dark green, glabrous, abaxially paler green, subglabrous with minute stellate scales; fertile frond similar in shape and length as sterile frond, stipe longer, lamina smaller; margins entire, somewhat wavy; stipe articulated near base, with few papery scales. Sporangia acrostichoid except for midrib.
Rhizome creeping, branched, up to 3.5 mm in diam., scaled. Fronds erect or arching, up to 350 mm long. Stipe sparsely scaled. Lamina simple, coriaceous, sterile narrowly elliptic, up to 300 x 27 mm, minutely stellate-scaled adaxially, moderately substellate-scaled abaxially. Sporangia acrostichoid, exindusiate.
Rhizomatous perennial. Fronds erect or arching, stipe sparsely scaled, lamina simple, coriaceous, narrowly elliptic, to 35 cm long, minutely stellate-scaled above, moderately substellate-scaled beneath. Null Sporangia acrostichoid, exindusiate.
Rhizome ± 3 mm in diameter, set with subentire rhizome scales up to 6 x 1.2 mm. Sterile lamina set with scales shorter than 1.5 mm only, very narrowly elliptic-acuminate, thinly coriaceous. Midrib conspicuously sulcate above when fresh.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support epiphyte
Foliage retention deciduous
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Root system rhizome
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Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
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Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

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Distribution

Elaphoglossum acrostichoides world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Comoros, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mozambique, Malawi, Réunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Elaphoglossum acrostichoides threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17437250-1
WFO ID wfo-0001110865
COL ID 38ZQ3
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 706226
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Acrostichum falcatum Elaphoglossum falcatum Elaphoglossum preussii Acrostichum lineatum Elaphoglossum acrostichoides Drymoglossum acrostichoides Vittaria acrostichoides