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Perennials. Stolons slender. Culms erect, pale green, tufted, 30-75 cm tall, (1-)3-4 mm thick, sharply 3-angled, smooth, glabrous, without transverse septa. Leaf sheaths 2 or 3; basalmost sheath brown, glumelike; cauline sheaths tubular, 5-15 cm, base dark red to dark purple, mouth obliquely truncate, apex acute. Spikelet pale green, cylindric, 1.5-4 cm × 3-5 mm, many flowered, apex acuminate. Basalmost glume empty, broadly ovate, amplexicaul for whole spikelet base; fertile glumes laxly imbricate, broadly ovate, ca. 4.5 × 3.5 mm, purplish red puncticulate, medially grayish yellow, subleathery, and with several veins including a conspicuous midvein, margin membranous, apex rounded. Perianth bristles 6, longest ca. 1.5 × as long as nutlet, retrorsely spinulose. Stigmas 3. Nutlet pale yellow, broadly obovoid to obovoid, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, biconvex, shallowly pitted with 13-15 longitudinal rows of transversely oriented oblong to linear epidermal cells, apex slightly constricted and with a conspicuous annular thickening; persistent style base subdeltoid, not spongy, base ca. 3/5 as wide as nutlet. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep.
Perennial herb, tufted, 0.42-1.82 m high. Leaf blades absent. Culm scapose, 1-7 mm in diam. Inflorescence a single, terminal, oblong spikelet, 20-40 x 5 mm. Subtending bract 1, glume-like. Glumes ± loosely spirally imbricate at maturity, broadly oblong to orbicular when flattened, 5.0-5.2 x 2.4-5.0 mm, not keeled, central zone coriaceous, nervose, grey-green becoming pale, margins membranous, dark brown, becoming pale and wearing away with age. Perianth of (0-)6 retrorsely barbed or smooth whitish bristles, of variable length but shorter than nutlet. Style branches 3. Flowering time Jan. Nutlet excluding style base 1.4-2.0 x 1.2-1.6 mm, biconvex, glistening, stramineous to bright cinnamon-brown, crowned by persistent, broadly triangular, brown style base, surface trabeculate.
Perennial herb, up to 0.7 m high. Stems 3-angled, twisted. Spikelets ± 30 mm long, greenish.
