Perennial herb, up to 400 mm high; tufts from a woody, creeping rhizome. Stems rounded. Flowers: spikelets 10-15 mm long, blackish; perianth bristles mostly 4; styles mostly 2-cleft, base ovoid-deltoid, ± 0.3 mm long; Dec.-Mar. Fruit an obovoid nutlet, up to 1.1 mm long, walls smooth and glossy. Hybridises with E. palustris.
Perennial herb, up to 400 mm tall. Tufts from a thick horizontal rhizome. Stems rounded. Spikelets up to 15 mm long, blackish. Bristles present. Stigmas 2.