Plants perennial, mat-forming; rhizomes evident, 0.4–2 mm thick, soft to hard, cortex persistent, longer internodes 2–10 mm, scales persistent or decaying to fibers, 5–10 mm, papery, finely to coarsely fibrous. Culms terete or usually with 4 or 5(–6) angles, often sulcate; 5–90 cm × 0.2–0.5(–0.8) mm, firm to soft. Leaves: distal leaf sheaths persistent, not splitting, proximally dark red (or yellow-brown), distally green or stramineous or red, membranous, apex often reddish, obtuse to acute, often callose, often with tooth to 0.2(–0.9) mm. Spikelets ovoid, 3–6 × 1.5–2 mm, apex obtuse to acute; proximal scale amplexicaulous, apex entire; subproximal scale with flower; floral scales appressed in fruit, 20–60, 5–6 per mm of rachilla, medium to dark brown, midrib region often paler, ovate, 1.5–2.5 × 1 mm, apex rounded (to acute), entire, rarely shallowly notched, carinate in distal part of spikelet. Flowers: perianth bristles absent or sometimes 1–3, stramineous to pale brown, slender, to equaling achene, obscurely retrorsely spinulose; stamens 3; anthers brown, 0.8–1.8 mm; styles 3-fid. Achenes falling with or before scales, lemon yellow, dark yellow, medium brown, or green, obpyriform, trigonous, angles evident, sometimes prominent, 0.6–0.9 × 0.45–0.7 mm, finely to coarsely rugulose and usually alveolate (cancellate) at 10–20X, 6–10(–14) sharp horizontal ridges in each vertical series. Tubercles brown, pyramidal and to as high as wide to greatly depressed-apiculate, often rudimentary, 0.05–0.3 × 0.25–0.4 mm.
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Perennial from a short stout rhizome; stems 2–6 dm, compressed or subterete; sheaths truncate and mucronate; spikelet cylindric, 6–16 mm; scales closely imbricate in many rows, broadly rounded above; bristles none; style trifid; achene yellow or yellowish-olive, 0.8–1 mm, obovoid, trigonous, its angles narrowly winged; tubercle minute, depressed-pyramidal to nearly flat. Pine-barren ponds; se. Mass. to Fla.; Mich.
Perennial from a short stout rhizome; stems 2–6 dm, compressed or subterete; sheaths truncate and mucronate; spikelet cylindric, 6–16 mm; scales closely imbricate in many rows, broadly rounded above; bristles none; style trifid; achene yellow or yellowish-olive, 0.8–1 mm, obovoid, trigonous, its angles narrowly winged; tubercle minute, depressed-pyramidal to nearly flat. Pine-barren ponds; se. Mass. to Fla.; Mich.
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