Ephedra viridis Coville

Mormon tea (en)

Species

Gymnosperms > Gnetales > Ephedraceae > Ephedra

Characteristics

Shrubs erect, 0.5--1 m. Bark gray, cracked and irregularly fissured. Branches alternate or whorled, rigid, angle of divergence about 30°. Twigs bright green to yellow-green, becoming yellow with age, not viscid, ridges between longitudinal grooves barely papillate, smooth; internodes 1--5 cm. Terminal buds conic, 1--2 mm, apex obtuse. Leaves opposite, 2--5 mm, connate to 1/2--3/4 their length, not photosynthetic; bases thickened, brown, persistent, becoming hard, enlarged, and black; apex setaceous. Pollen cones 2--several at node, obovoid, 5--7 mm, sessile; bracts opposite, 6--10 pairs, light yellow and slightly reddened, ovate, 2--4 × 2--3 mm, membranous, slightly connate at base; bracteoles slightly exceeding bracts; sporangiophores 2--4 mm, 1/4--1/2 exserted, with 5--8 sessile to nearly sessile microsporangia. Seed cones 2--several at node, obovoid, 6--10 mm, sessile or on short, scaly peduncles; bracts opposite, 4--8 pairs, ovate, 4--7 × 2--4 mm, membranous or papery, with yellow center and base, margins entire. Seeds 2, ellipsoid, 5--8 × 2--4 mm, light brown to brown, smooth. 2 n = 28.
More
An erect evergreen shrub. It grows 1.2 m high and spreads 90 cm wide. The branches are thin and green. The leaves are long and narrow. The plants have separate male and female flower-like cones.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.9
Mature height (meter) 1.05 - 1.1
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry rocky slopes, gravel terraces and canyon walls, often on limestone, at elevations of 800-2500 metres.
More
It is a temperate plant. It does well in sandy soil and a sunny position. It suits hardiness zones 6-10.
Light 5-7
Soil humidity 1-4
Soil texture 4-6
Soil acidity 5-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-10

Usage

The twigs are broken into small pieces and used to make tea. Sugar, lemon juice or strawberry jam can be added. Roasting the twigs helps improve the flavour. The seeds are roasted and eaten or ground into flour.
Uses beverage dye environmental use erosion control medicinal tea
Edible fruits seeds stems
Therapeutic use Tonic (flower), Blood Medicine (leaf), Venereal Aid (leaf), Cathartic (root), Emetic (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Venereal Aid (unspecified), Blood Medicine (unspecified), Orthopedic Aid (unspecified), Cough Medicine (unspecified), Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Antirheumatic (Internal) (unspecified), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Kidney Aid (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Urinary Aid (unspecified), Burn Dressing (unspecified), Gynecological Aid (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seed, or by division of the plant.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Ephedra viridis habit picture by Giode Tonpino (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Ephedra viridis leaf picture by Giode Tonpino (cc-by-sa)
Ephedra viridis leaf picture by ben parnas (cc-by-sa)
Ephedra viridis leaf picture by ben parnas (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ephedra viridis world distribution map, present in Colombia and United States of America

Conservation status

Ephedra viridis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:91144-2
WFO ID wfo-0000794501
COL ID 6FPD4
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Ephedra nevadensis var. viridis Ephedra nevadensis subvar. pluribracteata Ephedra viridis